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ADESEYNOSTURYUCOEAHEMET RATA ANREP CHAE p dnetne at any a >:
WwW. EL. PAT ES,
Auctioneer, Real Dstate and arial Agent and Goneral Oommission Mer-
chant,
No. 43 RIDEAU EAU STREET, OTTAWA.
REFER&NORS :—Hon. J aioe, Skead, bnnice: “Ottawa; J. of Ourrior, Esquire, M. P., J.
A. Grant, Esquire, M.D., R. W. Scott, Esqu:re, M.P.I , Mr. Sheriff Powell, Edward
Griffin, Esquire, Edw ard Me “aitliecay, Esquire, Messrs. C. T. "Bato & Co., ‘Thomas Hunton,
Esquire, Messrs. Fingland & Draper, Alexander Workman, Esquire, P.A. Egleson, Sen., Esq.
CITY HALL SQUARE,
OTTAWA. ee
The Best Commercial Hotel in the City,
a. . os
CENTRALLY SITUATED,
Je And within TWO MINUTES’ WALK of the Parliament Buildings. “ay
—-— i 6D 0
This Hotel having*been THOROUGHLY RENOVATED, Visitors may depend
upon receiving every comfort and accommodation.
— 2
| Onnntbaases and Active Porters to oarry Passengers to and from the 1
Care and Boats. r
ft
| Jas A GOOD LIVERY 8T48L# ATTACHED.
ARMSTRONG BROTHERS, Proprietors.
on Mer-
f. P.,. J.
, Edward
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Sen., Hsa-
1°
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depend
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OTTAWA
PAST AND PRESENT,
——OR, ———
A BRIEF ‘ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST OPENING UP OF THE
OTTAWA COUNTRY, AND INCIDENTS IN CONNECTION
WITH THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF OTTAWA
CITY, AND PARTS ADJACENT THERETO,
a ;
a $
¥ ae
CHARLES ROGER,
Asthor of the ‘ Rise of Canada from Barbarism to Civilisation,”
de, &e., &e.
@Ottawa:
PRINTRD FOR THE FROPRIETORS BY THE TIMES FRINTING & PUBLISHING
(OMPANY, WELLINGTON £T:EWT,
4871.
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PREFACE.
Seeman’
The following pages are written with the view
of showing tho rapid progress mad¢ in the City of
Ottawa, since its foundation in 1826, and the general
advancement of the Ottawa country since its first
settlement in 1800. One effect of the information
thus conveyed will be to draw the attention of per.
sons at a distance, to the capabilities of this section
of the Dominion. It will bring hither strangers to
fill our hotels, to originate manufactures, to establish
shops and other places of business, and it will tend
in a high degree to the further development of the
numerons resources of the vicinity, In giving such
information as we have been enabled to gather from
various sources, we have studied to throw in with
the more serious matter, suc!. amusing’ incidents as
will make the reading of the book rather a pleasure
than a labor. The past ard present are com-
bined by way of contrast, and from the past
and present the future of this beautiful dis-
trict of the Dominion may be inferred. Some
of those who came here only half a century
ago—and some yet remain — and found it a
forest, see around them to-day a fertile and well
eleared country, thriving factories, beautiful strects,
and pleasing terraces, and a busy city. There are
<sci-wccamameiia
cca cielamlecibiecninst Satie a COO ACS, LCL
sigus of progress everywhere, and only that want
which is inevitably to be found in the neighborhood
of plenty, is to be met with. Here, as elsewhere,
there is majesty and misery, and the two will go on
side by side, while Ottawa continues to flourish.
It is true, in every sense, that the poor will be
always with us, but the condition of extreme
poverty, congregating around plenty, is only the
result of that plenteousness on which poverty hopes
to feed. Here, on the whole, there is a general com-
fort, and cases of extreme distress are rare, and sel-
dom of long continuance. No amount of general
prosperity can have tho effect of exterminating vice,
and vicious habits will, even in the face of a general
advancement in material comforts, produce their
ordinary effects in Ottawa as in other cities. The
room for improvement in new countries is, however,
so ample, that no industrious man can possibly come
to want in them; but, notwithstanding the progress
which has been already made, there is, it must be
admitted, still room for improvement here. Ottawa
as she is, nevertheless, presents many inducements
to industrious artisans and laborers, which other
places do not afford to the same extent; and to the
loyer of nature, her attractions are almost unsur-
passed. If attention be drawn to this city and its
neighborhood by anything that has been gleaned
for and set forth in these pages, the aspirations of
the writer will be fully realized, and his pride amply
gratified.
OTTawa, 17th Nov., 1871,
ai gg rt EY ty
CONTENTS. :
CHAPTER I,
a Page.
Accessibility of Capital Cities—Judicious Selection of Sites for first Cities 1
in Canada—Choice of the City of Ottawa as «he Seat of Govern-
ment for Vanada—Rice Lake—Bytown—The Chaudiere Bridzes—
a The Countess of Dalhousie—Pope’s Amusing Account of Rope- {
; Bridge Building—Mr, Philemon Wright's Arrival at and Settlement.
of Hul~The MeNab—Ottawa. Leading Men—Sir John Franklin—
Honorable Louis Joseph Papineau
See ea Se
it Lae hoe he PMA ee ee
Sa a Ree
CHAPTER U1. \
“Natural Wealth of the Ottawa—The Gatineau--[ronside—The Gilmours— 40
The Rideau Canal—Cost of the Canal—Looking to Washington—
The old Soldier in the Backwoods—Duke of Richmond—State of }
Movlety in Ottawa.) oy cis. stcks. zee
CHAPTER III,
; Rebellion Losses Bill—Battle of Stony Monday—The “Shiners "—Cork 64
" OWT Faces cci cs. ae
CHAPTER IV.
‘The Parliament Buiidings—fhe Prince otf Wales—Prince Arihur—The 60 4
Ball—The Decorations—The Supper—The Honorable Thos. D’Arey ]
MoGee, M. P,—Death of Mr. Mc@ee—Rideau Hall—Sir John Rose 4
E -~Men of Note q
Pe SEER ORS ORKS PR OMOUC RS Fe Ob UE ba UR ANE Leo bo el Wi eee
CHAPTER YV.,
F ny
Gaol and Court House—A Women Allegory—The Roman Catholic Cathe- 74
dital—Obrist’s Chureh—The Bishop's Chapel—St, Alban’s—Reyv. M
Mr. Johnston—Cathiolic Apostolic Church—St. Joseph’s—St, An-
diew's, Bank Street,’ Metholist, and other Churches—Other ;
Public Buildings—Incidental Remarks. bel
OHAPTER Vi.
—
The Press—The First Newspaper published in Ottawa—The Bytown es
Independent—The Bytown Gazette-—-The Ottawa Advocate—The
8 Packet—The Citizen—The Monarchist-—The Orange Lily~—The
uy Railway Times—i.e Progrés—The Canada Military Gazette—The
Banner—The DailyNews—The Tribune—Le Courrier d’Outaouais
—The Times—The Daily Post—Le Canada~—The Free Press—The
Evening Mail—The Saturday Review—The Volunteer Review...
CHAPTER VI,
The First Settlement of Lower Town—The Lumber Trade—Report of 97
the Minister of Public Works—Slides and Boom Stations on the
» Ottawe. River and its Tributaries—LeBreton’s Flats—The Chau-
diere—Messrs. Bronson & Weston—Mr, A, H. Baldwin—Mr. J. R.
Booth—Mr. E. B. Eddy—Messrs. Perley & Pattee—Mr. Levi
| Young—Meesrs. Wrighi, Batson & Currier—Messrs. Gilmour & Co,
Messrs. Hamiltca & Co., &e. .....60.-. iy cre eediretsceeearene
CHAPTER VIII.
®
@onelusion—Ottawa a Field for Immigration—Bouchette’s prediction of 12
Canada’s Future—Finis. Addenda,............ 5c cee ee eee ee Rbican
fe ve
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CHA, J,
Accessivility of Capital Cities—Judicious Selection of Sites fer first Cities in
Canada—Choice of the City of Ottawa as the Seat of Government for
Canada—RBice Lake—Bytown—The Chaudiere Bridges—The Countess
of Dalhousie—Pove’s Amusing Account of Rope-Bridge Building—Mr,
‘Philemon Wright’s Arrival at and Settlement of Hull—The MeNab—
Ottawa Leading Men—Sir John Frankun—Honorable Louis Joseph
Papineau,
| HE capital city of any country should, it might
“reasonably be supposed, be as centrally situated
Seas circamsiances will permit. It sheuld be,
QW howeve er, readily accessible on all sides. It
should be, if possible, a hub of reads; and water
communication with it should be easy. For the
safety of the public records the capital city of any
country should be interiorily situated rather than
placed upon an exposed frontier, and even for public
convenience the machinery of government should be
as equidistant from one extremity as from another.
There are some excepticnal cases to this rule. For
instance, the chief city of Russia is certainly uot
centrally situated, but is placed in such a position
as to make it readily accessible by sea during peace,
inaccessible during war, and, on the land side, so
far removed from the frontier as to be only capable
of attack after w very large portion of the country
was completely subdued.
On the first eettlement of Canada, the nuciei of
future cities were most judiciously selected. Quebec,
tpn
SP i A i SE ie
Serer se a
° CAPITAL CITIES, . :
- >|
strong by nature and improvable by art, was situa-
ted on a promontory at the confluence of the river
St. Charles with the St. Lawrence, at a point where
the St. Lawrence forms a basin in which the navies
of the world might ride, at the foot of 2,060 miles
of internal navigation, being a port of shipment for
all the industries and natural products which these
countries, situated on the borders of inland seas,
afford; Montreal, at the head of ocean navigation,
was, like Quebec, at the confluence of two rivers,
| the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence, but, unlike Que-
bec, navigation upwards was impeded for hundreds
/ . of miles by obstructions which art only could re- +
| move; Frontenac, now Kingston, was situated on
Lake Ontario, which, as Hennepin tells us, was
called by: the Iroquese, Xanandario, which means
“very pretty lake,” and where the deep clear
waters of that iaost safely navigable of all the great
lakes of this continent, the source of North America’s
chiefest natural wealth, are gathered intoa very nar-
row outlet; and Niagara was selected in a military
puint of view, to protect those who were designed
to interrupt the traffic between the Indians of the
Far West, and the Hollanders of New York and
« English of Massachusetts. It was not until after '
- the conquest of Canada by Ergland that the seat of '
Government was removed to Toronto from Niagara, :
when, oddly enough, all the larger towns vr cities
of Canada were found to be equidistant from each
other—Quebec was 180 miles from Montreal, Mon-
treal 180 miles from Kingston, and Kingston 180
miles from Toronto, Steam, Armstrong guns, and
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SELECTION OF SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 8
a change of circumstances, brought about by the
conquest of Canada, somewhat altered in a iilitary
sense, the positions of these towns as protective
points for Canada. Of them all, Quebec alone, was
unepproachable to the only enemy, whose enmity
could be apprehended. But even that fortress be-
came not altogether trustworthy as steam, on land
and water, became a more potent means of trans-
port, and, when a seat of Government was wanted
for that “ vast country in America, extending about
4,000 miles,” as Hennepin tells us in 1698, Ottawa
was pointed out, by the mosi sagacious man in Eu-
rope, as Lord Brougham styled him, Arthur, Duke of
Wellington, as the most fitting place to become the
seat of Government, not for Canada only, but for
British North America,
The choice of the new capital was approved of
by the Queen, and, to-day, Ottawa is the seat of Govy-
ernment of a Dominion extending from the Atlantic
to the Pacific oceans, being the second maritime
power, in a commercial sense, in the world, and coy-
ering an area more extensive than the United States
occupy, larger than that of Russia, and capable of
affording food and active employment to the multi-
tades, as yet, oppressed by poverty combined with
unceasing labor, nou in England only, but in all the
countries of Europe, from the Baltic to the Medi-
teranean.
By the way, Bouchette, in his Tonography of
Canada, describing Rice Lake, makes this observa-
tion :
“ The exposed situation of York, now Toronto,
SO icon onsen ee ee Te nn an mag va seth
oe aad ws Dae peor a ss oe ee
ee ee ee ee cee
a aA he SAI engl nec EEE
arate -
‘
4 RICE LAKE AND BYTOWN,
the Capital of the Province of Ontario, has frequent-
ly suggested a removal of the seat of Government to
some more defensible spot, and Rice Lake has not
injudiciously been mentioned as offering superior
advantages under that aspect. Rice Lake could
easily be connected by a ship canal with Lake
Ontario, and the capital being thus removed from
the immediate frontier, and covered by the rising
ground between the two lakes, which might be
made a very effectual secondary barrier of defence,
would be less open to invasion, and, therefore, bet-
ter calculated to be the depository of the public
archives and records of the Province.”
The advantages possessed by Rice Lake asa seat
of Government for Ontario, are eminently those pos-
sessed by Ottawa in her position as the seat of Gov-
ernment of Canada. She has a canal connecting
her with Ontario: she has more a direct river com-
munication with Montreal, and she has railways
running to the St. Lawrence over a country which
certainly might be made “a very effectual second-
ary barrier of defence.” In 1828 Ottawa contained
150 houses; now she has 7,250.
Bouchette thus speaks of Bytown in 1828, which
in 1854 became Ottawa:
“ Bytown, in Nepean, is situated on the southern
bank of the Ottawa, a little below the beautiful Falls
of the Chaudiere, and opposite the flourishing vil-
lage of Hull, in Lower Canada. It stands on a high
and bold eminence surrounding Canal Bay, and oc-
cupies both banks of the canal; that part lying to
the east being called the Lower, and that to the
west, from a superiority of local elevation, the Upper
Town. The streets are laid out with much regu-
larity, and of a liberal width that will hereafter
contribute to the convenience, salubrity, and ele-
LOSS a RS OPN OEE ED Ot Se
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:
4
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“8
7
OLD RYTOWN, 5
gance of the place. The number of houses now
built is not far short of one hundred and fifty, most
of which are constructed of wood, frequently in a
style of neatness and taste that reflects great credit
upon the inhabitants. On the elevated banks of the
Bay, tho hospital, an extensive stone building, and
three barracks, staud conspicuous; and nearly on a
level with them, and on the eastern side of the Bay, is
delightfully situated, the residence of Colonel By,
the commanding Royal Engineer on tliat station.
From his verandah the most splendid view is beheld
that the magnificent scenery of the Canadas affords.
The boid eminence that enbcsoms Entrance Bay,
the broken and wild shores opposite, beyond which
are seen part of the flourishing scttlement, and the
church of Hull, the verdant and picturesque islands
between hoth banks, and the occasional canoes,
barges and rafts plying the broad surface of the
Grand River, or descending its tumultuous stream,
are the immediate objects that command the notice
of the beholder. In remote perspective the eye
dwells upon a succession of varied and beautiful
bridges, abutting upon precipitous and craggy rocks,
and abrupt islands, between which the waters
are urged with wonderful agitation and violence.
Beyond them, and above this level, the glittering
surface of the river is discovered in its descent
through the broad and majestic rapid Des Chénes,
unti! the waters are precipitated in immense
volumes over the verge of the rock, forming the
falls of the Great and Litile Chaudiere. From the
abyss into which they are involved with terrific
force, revolving columns of mist perpetually ascend
in refulgent whiteness, and as they descend in spray
beneath a glowing sunshine, frequently form a par-
tial but bright iris, that seems triumphantly to over-
arch a section of the bridge. The landscape cf the
Union Bridges, although not taken exactly from this
enchanting spot, may convey some idea of the scope
and splendour of the prospect which we have al-
6 UNION BRIDGES.
tempted briefly to describe, and partly secure to it
that admiration to which it is so richly entitled.”
In the present, one can imagine the past. The
Islands near the union bridges, or on which, proper-
ly speaking, they rest are now covered with factories
—that of Eddy which are of universal illuminating
power—his matches being the best which the world
has seen—being the most important; the saw mills
of Messrs. Perley and Pattee, of Capt Levi Young,
and of Wright, Batson & Currier, of Bronson &
Weston, and of A. H. Baldwin, which deserve and
will receive more particular mention hereafter.
Now there is but one UNION bridge, the suspen-
sion one, constructed and designed by that most
able of Canadian engineers, Keefer in 1849, through
which the boiling waters of the great Chaudiere
kettle pass; but at the time when Colonel Bouchette
wrote there were a truss bridge of 117 feet in length
vy 80 in width; a small wooden bridge, over a deep
chasm; a wooden bridge 160 feet long; a truss
bridge 212 feet long and 30 feet wide; a wooden
bridge 180 feet long, and two stone arches built of
-eut limestone. These latter still remain to connect
the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and time will
yet do more in obliterating all distinctions between
the different provinces of the Dominion than a mere
Suspension Bridge could reasonably be expected to
effect.
Of the existing bridges in Colonel Boxuchette’s
time, the topographer informs us, more particularly,
that the chain consisted of four principal parts, two
of which are truss bridges, overarching the chan-
Be
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FIRST CHAUDIERE BRIDGE. 7
nels, unsupported by piers; a third is a straight
wooden bridge across the lost channel; and a fourth
built in dry stone, with two cut-limestone arches,
and partly in wood. The truss bridge over the
broadest channel is 212 feet long, 30 feet wide, and
35 or 40 feet above the surface of the stream. Its
construction was attended with considerable diffi-
culty, it being impossible to moor rafts in the chan-
nel owing to the depth of the water and the extra-
ordinary swiftness of the current, as it passes in
whirling eddies from the foot of the Great Kettle.
Another expedient was therefore resorted to, and a
hempen bridge, consisting of four three-inch haw-
sers or cables was swung across the river, forming
an inverted segment, the lowest point of which
stood about seven feet above the dark and swift
stream; whilst its extremities were elevated up-
wards of 82 feet abutting upon the perpendicular
limestone walls of the channel. It admitted with
safety of the passage of pedestrians, although the
attempt, with the unpractised especially, was not
made without some consciousnes of danger. We
cannot, says the gallant Colonel, forbear asssociating
with our recollections of this picturesque bridge,
the heroism of a distinguished peeress, the Countess
of Dalhousie, who, we believe, was the first lady
who ventured across it.
The late Mr, Charles Pope, of the Board of
Works Department, in his “ Incidents of Ottawa
City” thus ainusingly describes the difficulties atten-
dant upon the making of the first bridges at the
Chaudiere :—
i
|
8 LORD DALHOUSIE, COL, DUNFORD AND COL, BY-
“In the meantime, the first bridge over the Ot-
tawa may occupy our attention, and the modus
operandi will serve to recall to mind the persevering
spider alluded to in history. It appears that until
the autumn of 1827 the present capital was a wil-
derness, when Lord Dalhousie, Colonel Dunford,
Co‘onel By, and several other gentlemen, arrived at
Hull for the purpose of deliberating on the proposed
construction of the Rideau Canal. They assembled
on a rock near the northerly end of the present
Union Suspension Bridge, with the view of consider-
ing the propriety of first constructing a bridge
over the Ottawa, which would facilitate operations
on the Canal. They then retired to the house of
Squire Philemon Wright, and finally came to the
conclusion to commence the bridge immediately.
Two days afterwards operations were begun—car-
penters, masons, and quarivy men being hired on the
spot. The centres for the first arch nearest Hull
were soon put up, and in a few weeks the rubble
stone arch was completed; but on taking out the
centres the whole arch gave way and fell. Nothing
Jaunted, however, another attempt was made, and
with the experience of the past, centres were built
and the arch constructed in the same locality. The
arch was composed of dry hammered stone, without
mortar, and it remained perfect after the removal of
the centres. The second arch was built by Phile-
mon Wright and Sons, under contract: thus the
workmen were enabled to commence building the
bridge oyer the main channel—a very difficult task
in those days.
In order to obtain communication with the op-
posite bank, Captain Asterbrooks, of the Artillerv,
took one of the brass cannon down to the. rocks,
near where the end of the bridge would naturally
be, so as to fire off a rope across the channel—240
teet wide—to Chaudiére Island, For the first trial
a half sinch rope was used; but the force of the
powder cut it. The experiment was repeated, but
a
a
‘We
eS
THREE MEN DROWNED. 9
with the same result. It was then suggested. by
one of the workmen to try an inch rope, which was
approved, and on its. being carried out was found
successful ; fur it was landed a hundred feet on the
island. Having secured it at both ends the work-
men were enabled to haul over larger ones.
A trestle ten feet high was then erected on
each side of the channel, and two ropes stretched
across over the tops of these trestles, and fastened
at each end to the rocks; the ropes were allowed to
be slack in order to have greater strength
The next step was ‘o have a foot passage to
allow the workmen to communicate with each
other and with this object the ropes were placed
four feet apart, and properly planked over. A rope
hand-rail on each side, made the crossing perfectly
easy. Chains were then placed across over trestles
in a similar manner, and planked on the top, until
the planking from each shore reached within ten
feet of joining in the middle, when the chains broke
and precipitated the workmen and tools into the
channel. Three men were drowned, and the others
swam ashore. This checked further progress for a
short time. A scow, about one hundred feet long
and thirty feet wide, was then built, and anchored
to a point of rock where the bridge was to be locat-
ed. Stronger trestles, made of heavy timber, were
erected, and two eight-inch cables procured and laid
across the channel over these trestles, and properly
secured to the rocks at each end. Then the build-
ing of a wooden bridge was comnmenced, in accord-
ance with a plan approved by Colonel By. The
work progressed very favorably, and with the as-
sistance of screw-jacks, placed on the scow below
it, was kept up to its proper level. In the course of
the summer the bridge was brought nearly to com-
pletion, when the prevalence of a gale caused the
whole structure to turn over up stream, against the
wind. The two cables, before mentioned, held it
until they were chopped off with axes, notwith-
2
10 FIRST STEAMBOAT ON THE OTTAWA,
standing the great force of the current; and thus
“the whole affair moved majestically down the
stream” as far as the present entrance of the Rideau
Canal. This caused, of course, another delay. It is
related of Mr. Drummond, the chief workman, that
he shed tears at this unlucky event.
The next move was to build another bridge on
the same plan. On this occasion two large chains
were employed, made of one and three quater inch
round iron, in links of ten inches long, which were
put over the trestles, and in the same place that the
rope cables were removed from, having been se-
cured like the former to the rocks on each side of
the channel, The mode of constructing this work
was similar to the preceding, save that the scow
below was dispensed with, as the chains were suffi-
ciently strong to support the whole fabric.
After a delay of some months, the bridge was
finally completed, and stood the travel for about 12
years, when it, too, followed in the wake of its pre-
decessors. The channel being once more left with-
out a span, communication was had by means of
ferriage until 1843, when the present magnificent
structure was commenced, which is now an orna-
ment to the capital.”
In 1819 the first steamboat plied upon the Otta-
wa. She was named the “ Univn of the Ottawa ”
and was, literally, a cribbed, cabined, and confined
affair, so far as the comforts of passengers were
concerned. Slow in speed, ugly im appearance,
small in size, and with no deck berths, this steamer,
nevertheless, formed an era in the history of the
Ottawa settlements and contributed materially to
their acceleration. Her success was such that she
was speedily followed by another steamer, “ con-
siderably larger and affording very superior accom-
modations.” Since then what changes have taken
a i a a:
z 13 :
STEAMER QUEEN VICTORIA. 11
place in the way of navigation between Grenville
and the City of Ottawa, to which Hull, then the
destination of steamers from Grenville, is now a
mere tributary suburb? The steame~ Queen Victoria,
speedy and most elegantly furnished, with spacious
saloons, and state-rooms, and a most comfortable
cabin, commanded by the able and gentlemanly
Captain Bowie, takes the chief rank among the nu-
merous passenger, freight, and towing steam-vessels
with which the waters of the Grand River are now
covered. The Indian and his canoe have long since
disappeared on this part of the Ottawa River, if
@ very occasioral exception be made of some party
of Outtaowacts, coming to the City with moccassins
or purses, decorated with beads, for sale; and long
lines of barges, loaded with deals, have entirely su-
perseded such rude “ships” as the Griffin of 60 tons,
built under circumstances of much discouragement
by M. de LaSalle, near the “ Streights of Lake Erie,
during the winter and spring of 1679.” Indeed, the
Ottawa country now offers one of the most promis-
ing fields for colonization to be found in the Domin-
ion; and is being rapidly settled. Forty-three years
ago the total population on the northern shore of the
Ottawa river, westward, from the west bounds of
Argenteuil, did not exceed 5,369 inhabitants, a popu-
lation of Irish and Americans, some English, more
Scots, and a few families of French Canadians.
Now the City of Ottawa alone, which is opposite to
what a quarter of a century ago was styled, us if in
irony, “ the flourishing town of Hull”, contains nearly
80,000 inhabitants, and the whole country around is
12 MR, PHILEMON WRIGHT,
=
being rapidly improved by a thriving, energetic,
and progressive class of farmers, with whom reap-
ing-machines are in use, and all the latest agricul-
tural improvements, if steamploughing only be ex-
cepted.
Colonel By, to whom the construction of that
“stupendous undertaking” the Rideay Canal was in-
trusted, was indeed the founder of the town named
after him, which was created a city and called Otta-
wa in 1854, but the opening up of the Ottawa
country is more particularly due to Mr. Philemon
Wright, an American gentleman, born in Woburn,
Massachusetts, but whose parents came from Kent, in
England ; and to the Highland Chief McNab, than
to the enterprising and talented officer of the Royal
Engineers, under whose direction the canal, which
connects Ottawa with Kingston, was completed.
Mr. Wright had resided in Massachusets for
thirty-six years, pursuing the occupation of farming
and grazing, before he thought of making Canada
his home. Then, he tells us, (in 17 ) he came to
Montreal in Canada, to explore the country being
determined to change his residence into Canada,
“having a large family to provide for.” He gives
the following account of the first settlement of Hull,
which, although in the province of Quebec, is so
connected with the City of Ottawa by the manufac-
tories of the Chaudiere as to be inseparable from it,
before a Committee of the House of Assembly of
Lower Canada, in December 1820 :
“ After spending some time in exploring the
country, I returned to Woburn, the place of my
birth, and in 1797, I came again to Canada, and
ergetic,
m reap-
agricul-
y be ex-
of that
Was in-
named
ad Otta-
Ottawa
1ilemon
Voburn,
Kent, in
b, than
e Royal
, which
ted,
sets for
arming’
Canada
ame to
y being
anada,
e gives
f Hull,
, 1s so
pnufac-
rom it,
hbly of
g the
of my
a, and
> giana
MR, WRIGHT EXPLORES THE OTTAWA. 13
visited Quebec; I then viewed the country on both
sides of the St. Lawrence, the whole of the distance
from Quebec to the Grand [tiver, in the township of
Hull, taking some time to explore and examine the
country, but more particularly the parts bordering
on both sides of the Ottawa, H also particularly ex-
amined the said river, as respects navigating it, with
the advantages and disadvantages attending a new
settlement in that country. After spending some
time in the above pursuit, I returned home to Wo-
burn.”
“In the year 1798, I came again to obtain
further information, as regards the local situation of
the lands on the Ottawa, or Grand River; which
having done, I returned to Massachusetts, with a
determination to commence a settlement on its fer-
tile banks. I endeavored to hire some axemen but
covld not succeed, in consequence of the great dis-
tance, having to go eighty miles beyond any settle-
ments, as was the situation of the country bordering
on the Ottawa at that time.”
“This part of the country has immense re-
sources in fine timber, not only merchantable, but
for makin.; ashes, sufficient to furnish great supplies
for any foreign market, even to load a thousand ves-
sels. This part of the country was unknown cr un-
thought of to the inhabitants of Montreal, except the
North West company, whose interest it appeared. to
be to keep the said country in the then uninhabited
state, and consequently not feeling a desire to re-
commend a setilement in this part of Canada.
However, not wishing to give up my intentions of
establishing a settlement, [ hired two respectable
men in Massachusetts, for the purpose of going with
me to the Ottawa, and after haying viewed the
country we returned home, and they made a report
to the public nearly as follows :
“ That they had ascended the Ottawa, or Grand
River, one hundred and twenty miles from Mon-
treal; the first forty-five miles they found some
14 MR. WRIGHT'S MODE OF SURVEYING:
settlers, who appeared rather inactive, as far as re-
lated to their farms, but little done to what, appar-
ently, might be done, towards making themselves
independent farmers. We, however, ascended the
Ottawa, up the rapids, sixteen miles farther to the
head of the Long Sault, continuing our course sixty-
four miles farther up the river; from the head of the
Long Sault to Hull the river is remarkably smooth,
and tle water stil!, and sufficiently deep to float a
sloop-of-war ; at the last mentioned place we pro-
posed to explore the township back of the river; ac-
cordingly we spe:.i twenty days, say from the Ist to
the 20th October, 1799. I should think we climbed
to the top of one hundred or more trees, to view the
situation 6° the country, which we accomplished in
the following manner: We cut smaller trees in
such a manner as to fall slanting, and to lodge in
the branches of those large trees, which we ascend-
ed until we arrived at the top. By this means we
were enabled to view the country, and. also the tim-
ber, and by the timber we were enabled to judge of
the nature of the soil, which we found to answer
our expectations; and after having examined well
the local situation of the township of Hull, we des-
cended the river, and arrived, after much fatigue, :t
Montreal, when we gave a generai description of
our discoveries, and returned home to Massachu-
setts, where, after a report was made public about
the situation of this part of the country, I was en-
abled to obtain and hire as many men as I wanted
to commence a new settlement.”
“T immediately hired about twenty-five men,
and brought them with my mill irons, axes, scythes,
hoes, and all other kinds of tools I thought most use-
ful: and necessary, including fourteen horses and
eight oxen, seven sleighs and five families, together
with a number of barrels of clear pork, destitute of
bone, of my own raising, all of which left Woburn
on the 2nd February, 1800, and arrived in Montreal
onthe 10th. After a short stay in Montreal, we pro-
3 re-
par-
lyves
the
» the
ixty-
f the
0th,
at a
pro-
> ac-
st to
nbed
y the
od in
1S In
re in
cend-
s we
. tim-
ge of
swer
well
des-
e, at
on of
achu-
about
s en-
anted
men,
\ thes,
st Use-
5 and
rether
te of
pburn
ntreal
@ pro-
THE EXPEDITION FOR SETTLEMENT OF HULL. 15
ceeded on our route for the township of Hull, mak-
ing generally, amongst the old settlements, about
fifteen miles per day, for the first three days, owing
to our horses and oxen travelling abreast, and our
sleighs being wider than what is usual in this coan-
try; under these difficulties we travelled the first
three days, stopping with the inhabitants those three
nights, until we got to the foot of the Long Sault,
which was the end of any travelled road in Lower
Canada. Being eighty miles from our destination,
and no road, we found that it was impossible to pro-
ceed in consequence of the depth of the snow, and
were, therefore, obliged to make a stand, and set
one part of our men to alter our teams, so as to go
singly, and the other part of the men to go forward
to cut the road. After making the necessary _pre-
parations we proceedzd on to the head of the Long
Nault, observing before night came on, to fix upon
some spot near water to encamp for the night, par-
ticularly observing that there were no dry trees to
fall upon us or our cattle, and if there was to cut
them down. Then we cleared away the snow and
cut down trees for fire for the whole night, the
women and children sleeping in covered sleighs, and
the men with blankets round the fire and the cattle
made fast to the standing trees. In this situation
about thirty of us spent the night; and I must say
that I never saw men more cheerful and happy in
my life than they seemed to be—having no faaor
to call upon us for our expenses, nor to complain of
our extravagance, nor no dirty floor to sleep upon,
but the sweet ground which belonged to our ancient
sovereign,—observing to take our refreshments and
prepare sufficient for the day. so as to lose no time on
our journey when daylight appeared, always observ-
ing to keep ovr axemen forward, cutting the road,
and our foraging team next the axemen, and the
families in the rear,, and, in this way, we proceeded
on for three or four days, observing to look out for a
good place for our camp, until we arrived at the
ee a aa een nan ere ee
“ “€
ene
is a REET TE ES
i
Reclaim Ra
corm este tnny nc ~ algo mens abc peemmanioany od
ia
|
3
? |
, ;
ii
ia
LLhLxwOFPPR—K—g,—aa—_s
ih 16 A USEFUL INDIAN.
i, head of the Long Sault.. From that place we
i travelled the whole of the distance upon the ice,
until we came to the intended spot, which is about
= sixty-five miles. My guide that I had taken up with
me the fall before, was quite unacquainted with the
ice, and likewise, the whole of our party, as not one
i of us had travelled up this ice before—our. three
\ @ former journies had been by water. We travelled
| up the ice very slow, as we were much intimidated
by fear of losing our cattle, keeping our axemen for-
wara trying every rod of ice, the ice being covered
with snow about one foot thick, so that it was impos-
sible to know whether the ice was good without
sounding it with the axe.
“T cannot pass over this account without giving
the particulars of a savage, so called, from whom [|
a received the greatest humanity it is possikle to ex-
a press. On our journey up the river on the first day
we met a savage and his wife drawing a child upon
a little bark sleigh : they looked at us in astonish-
ment, at seeing our habit, manner, and custom, and
| more especially at our cattle,—they viewed us as if
‘ we had dropped from the clouds,—they were so
astonished walking round our teams, as we were
then halted, and trying to make discourse with us
concerning the ice, but not a word could we under-
stand from him, we observed him point to the woods
as if giving directions to his squaw to go into the
woods and make herself comfortable ; she imme-
diately <«ft him and went irto the woods, and he
immediately went to the head of our company with-
out the promise of fee or reward, with his small axe
trying the ice at every step he ‘went, as if he had
been the proper guide or owner of the property.
We passed on until we found night coming.on, and
the banks of the river being so high, say about
twenty feet, and that it was impossible to ascend
i them with our sleighs, we then left our sleighs upon
| the ice and ascended the banks of the river, cleared
| away the snow, cut down large trees as usual to
~ lead as before. Owing to t
TRAVELLING DIFFICULTIES, 1 ”
make a fire, carefully observing that no stooping or
dead trees could fall upon us. After cooking our
supper and getting our regular refreshments, we then
brought up our bedding and spread round the fire,
and made ourselves as comfortable as possible, navy-
ing nothing over us but large trees and the canopy
of the heavens. Before daylight in the morning we
cooked our breakfast and provisions for the day, and
as soon as daylight appeared, we weve ready to pro-
ceed on our march. I must observe that our Indian
behaved with uncommon civility during the night,
taking his regular refreshments with us, and pro-
ceeded to the head of the company, as he had done
the preceding day, with uncommon agility.
“ All being under way as soon as daylight ap-
peared, we proceeded on this day as usual, with-
out meeting with any accident. When night was
approaching we did the same as the night before,
and, likewise, began our march early in the morn-
ing in much the same Wee our Indian taking the
e deepness of the snow,
it took us about six days in passing up this river,
about sixty-four miles, and we arrived safe at the
township Hull. After some trouble in cutting the
brusn and banks, we ascended the heights which
is about twenty feet from the water. Our savage
after he had seen us safe up the bank, and spent
the night with us, gave us to understand that he
must return back to his squaw and child, and
after receiving some presents for his great ser-
vices, he took his departure for his squaw, havy-
ing to go ait least sixty miles when he left us. Our
men thanked him in the best manner they could
make him understand, and he went away -n good
spirits, being well pleased. We arrived at this
place on the 7th of March, and, immediately, with
the assistance of all hands, we felled the first tree,
for every person that was able to use the axe
endeavoured and assisted in cutting; after hay-
ing so done, we commenced cutting down and
8
18 CUTTING DOWN TREES.
clearing a spot for the erection of a house, and
we continued cutting, and clearing, and erecting
other buildings for the accommodation of the
families and men. And as we commenced cut-
ting and clearing, the chiefs of two tribes of
Indians that live at the Lake of Two Mountains,
came to us, and viewed all our tools and materials
with astonishment, and would often whoop and
laugh, as they were quite unacquainted with tools,
or things of that nature. They also viewed with
astonishment the manner in which we harnessed
our horses, and oxen &c., all being harnessed in
pairs. They seemed to view all our things with
great pleasure; some of them fetched their children
to see the oxen and horses, they never haying seen
a tame animal before, being brought up near the
great lakes upon the westward; they would also
ask the liberty of using one or two of our axes, to
see how they could cut down a tree with them, as
their axes are very small, weighing only half a
pound, our axes weighing from four to five pounds.
When they had cut down a tree, they would jump,
whoop, huzza, being quite pleased with having cut
down a tree so quick. They received a glass of rum
each and returned to their sugar-making in the
greatest harmony. They continued very friendly
to pass backward and forward for about ten days,
after receiving small presents, for which they made
me returns of sugar, venison &c. Their chiets as-
sembled together, and procured an English inter-
preter of the name of George Brown, formerly ua
clerk in the Indian Trade, who also had an Indian
wife and family, and spoke both languages. They
requested him to demand of me by what authority I
was cutting down their wood, and taking possession
of their land. To which I answered—by virtue of
authority received at Quebec from their Great
Father who lived on the other side of the water, and
Sir John Johnson, who I knew was agent in the In-
2 eI TEE
INDIAN DEMANDS UPON MR. WRIGHT. 19
dian Department, for through him they received
their yearly dues from Government.
“They could hardly suppose thvir Great Father
or other persons at Quebec, would allow me to cut
down their timber, and clear their land, and destroy
their sugaries and hunting ground without consult-
ing them, as they had been in the peaceable posses-
sion of these lands for generations past. I must con-
sider these falls and river convenient for them to
carry on their business, and that their families wan-
ted support as well as mine.”
“T told them that I had got regular documents
from their Great Father, which I had received at
Quebec, and also orders from Sir John Johnson so
to do; and I had been to my country, being five
hundred miles distant and brought all these men and
materials, to carry the business into effect, and the
documents I was ready to produce when regularly
called for; and I had further to state to them, from
the mouth of Sir John Johnson that if they injured
me or my property, to go and make complaint to
him, and I should have remuneration out of their
yearly dues.”
“ They believed that had I stayed at home it
would have been to their interest as they had great
dependence upon that situation, it being the chief
hunting ground, sugaries and fisheries, &c., which
was the chief support of their families, and they
were afraid of further difficulties that would arise
between us, such as taking their beaver, destroying
their deer, breaking up their sugaries, and causing a
deal of trouble; that I must know that clearing: off
the forest was driving back their game, which
would totally dislodge them of the former expecta-
cions.”
“T told them that they must be sensible that the
tools and the materials which I had brought were
not for hunting or fishing, but for the clearing of
land, and I should endeavor to protect their beavers
and fishing grounds, but as to their sugaries, them I
Se Ste
AEE ENE IN
Saar rotons wet Terr cane sam ealeeter ai tence as eee panne er ~ - =
pienktisersaeweeter
asa rea
nore nerereinetent ip. en pape ie nies aetemspt-sereyeenean-ereseteepto=
Se ee
= ER ao
oo aos
tr aa lac iseeimie ant neem canbertpetnna bboniinenpoetiasaee
90 THE TWO-MOUNTAIN INDIANS.
oo?
must make use of, as the land was already given to
me. I would observe further to them, that this es-
tablishment would be a great convenience to them
and was intended so by their Great Futher, to have a
settlement and inills in order to supply them with
all their provisions instead of going to Montreal,
which they knew was a dangerous and difficult
passage.”
“ They answered, we know the passage is
very difficult and are surprised how you found the
way here with all these men, baggage, and cattle.
The white people always tell us fine stories to drive
us back; you tell us that you come here for farming
and that you will protect our beaver huts, fisheries
&c., but as we know that you have gotguns, pow-
der and shot—what are you going to do with them ?
“ We observed that all are our farmers, where we
came from, keep guns, powder, and shot to protect
our farms, such as killing hawks when they came
upon our poultry, the squirrels that eat our grain in
the fields, bears when they kill our hogs and calves,
and wolves when they kill our sheep.”
“ They then said, that is all very good, if used
for that purpose; but if you do as other white
people have done, you will make use of your guns
for killing our beavers, deer, otter, musk-rats and
bears; we are afraid you will not be contented
upon your own lands, but will go out at a distance
to our ponds and take our beaver, and then our re-
taliation, if we should come and-take your sheep
and cattle, that will bring on difficulties and dis-
putes, and that will not answer. You say that our
Great Father is making this settlement for our good,
but we are afraid it will be to our disadvantage, in-
stead of doing us good.
“ T told them I had received strict directions to
use them well, and I intended so to do; and if they
would go to their sugaries, and collect all their ma-
terials that they wished to part with, as they had
MOONSHINE. 91
finished making sugar, that I would pay cash for
them at a fair price.
The Indians considering this proposal fair asked
Five Pounds ($20) which was paid te them, and
they offered to give up their lands for $30 more.
To this latter demand for $30 Mr. Wright refused
to concede. He denied the right of tic Indians to
. the land and aesired them to produce written titles.
This of course they could not do. The lands, they
said, were theirs by inheritance and by right of
possession, but Mr. Wright argued that they had re-
linquished all right to territory by accepting pre-
sents annually from the Government, which some-
what staggered the Indians, who looked upon their
presents as very trifling indeed. Mr. Wright, how-
ever, promised to consult Sir John Johnson the In-
dian agent, Mr. Lee, the Commissary of the Indian
Department, and a Mr. Lukin a Notary Public in
Montreal next moon. Mr. Wright according to pro-
mise went on the very next moon to Montreal to
consult with Sir John and Messrs. Lee and Lukin.
The result was that the Indian claims were looked
upon as mere moonshine, and the Indians, being so
informed, created Mr. Wright a brother chief,
crowned him, kissed him, dined him, buried the
hatchet, and, as he tells us, be never was acquainted
with a people “that more strictly regarded justice
and equity, than those people have for those twenty
years past.” -
Having so satisfactorily arranged matters, Mr,
Wright, brother chief of the Two Mountain Indians,
continued to cut down and clear a spot for the erec-
99 PROGRESS OF THE SETTLEMENT.
is
_
tion of a house, and “continued cutting and clear-
ing, and erecting other buildings, for the accommo-
dation of families and men.”
Mr. Wright goes on to say in his interesting
narrative :—
“As I had laid in a good sicck of hay and
grain, which I gave freely to my cattle, I was sur-
prised to find that they took to the woods, living
upon browse, such as the buds of fallen timber, and
the joint rush that stood through the snow, which
was about seven inches deep. In this way the
horses and oxen fitished out the spring, and I never
saw working cattle in so good a condition in the
month of June as they were, being in full flesh and
in good spirits. Our grain was used by the men,
thereby making to me an additional saving in pro-
visions.”
“T was also much surprised to find the snow
disappearing so very soon by thawing underneath,
and, on examination, I found no frost in the ground ;
being quite the reverse of Massachusetts, where
there is from three to four feet frost in the ground
m the spring, which prevents vegetation from
coming forward so soon as if it were otherwise. The
spring opened much earlier than I ever knew it in
Massachusetts, which gave us all much encourage-
ment, all the men being much pleased with the
country in finding vegetation come forward so much
easier than they were accustomed to see it: which
gives life to the farmer, and is the support of agri-
culture.”
During the whcie of March, April, and May,
My. Wright continued to build, to cut down trees,
and to put in a crop of vegetables and garden stuffs,
He continued this until “ we began to burn our fal-
lows (which is the timber felled in rows) for winter
wheat, which ought to be put in the ground to ex-
are
no~
DIFFICULTY OF COMMUNICATION, 93
pect a good crop.” Provisions at length fell short
and with the view ofobtaining the means of subsist-
ence until “our crops could be harvested,” Mr.
Wright and his man set off for Montreal, by water.
He says, “this retarded, in some measure, the ad-
vancement of the settlement. Our only communi-
cation was by water, and the navigation of the
river, particularly the Long Sault, was entirely un-
known to our men, and those who understood the
manne” of going up and down the river could not
he hired short of three dollars per day. The swift-
ness of the water, and crooked channel, being in-
terrupted with large rocks and reefs of stone pro-
jecting into the river and the waters rising and fall-
ing about fourteen feet in those rapids, owing to
the north waters or spring freshets, being compelled
to pass as near the shore as possible, to have the
benefit of the tow-ropes, renders the navigation very
difficult.”
“The year 1800 was spent in clearing lands,
building, and raising vegetables and roots. Among
the latter were about 1,000 bushels of potatoes,
which I put into the ground (to keep them through
the winter) so deep that I lost the whole of them by
the rot, occasioned by the heat of the grouud. We
prepared some land for the fall wheat, and sowed
about seventy bushels upon seventy statute acres,
and prepared about thirty acres for spring wheat
and peas: also a great deal of time spent in going
to Montreal for provision’. Seeing my people were
going on well, as to provisions, houses, &c., I gave
directions how to proceed until my return.”
Mr. Wright in the following year returned to
his former home in Massachusetts, taking his men
I4 BARN-BUALDING.
~
back to Woburn in accordance with his agreement,
and paid them off. The greater number of those
men, however, went back to Canada in the winter
of 1801-2, and, by an agreement with Mr. Wright,
took lands—‘ they finding the lands much better in
the Township of Hull than in the state of Massa-
chusetts.” He goes on to say :—
“This spring finished our spring wheat: sewing
in the month of March about thirty acres, I had,
the second year of my clearing, one hundred acres
of the best wheat I ever saw.”
Building a large barn, thirty-six feet by seventy-
five, and eighteen posts, Mr. Wright found that this
barn was not large enough to hold the whole of his
wheat by seven stacks. The yield was over 3,000
bushels. From one measured acre threshed out
upon the spot he had forty bushels of wheat. He
next surveyed the township of Hull and placed 377
square posts, being a township of 82,429 acres. The
survey was difficult, he tells us, owing to the river
Gatineau running at an angular direction through
the whole township, and not fordable at any place,
known to his men, for fifty miles up. This survey
cost him about £900.
He goes on to say :-—
“Tn the autumn, I secured all my crops. The
crops exceeded every person’s expectations that was
with me, or anything that we had ever seen or known
in the latitude of 42 degrees, and all without the
help of manure ; which was the more surprising to
those who had been accustomed to go to Boston and
obtain it at the price of $3 per load. After closing
our fall work I issued a notification that any person
who understood farming and wished to obtain lands
F A SILVER MEDAL, 95
might be supplied on application to me, on the most
advantageous terms; and I would lend them a cer-
tain quantity of wheat, and other seed, until they
could raise a sufficient quantity upon their own farms
to repay me.”
The settlement soon commenced under these
circumstances. Mr, Wright began to build mills,
ana “more especially as the nearest mill to his set-
tlement was distant 80 miles.” It cost him before
he did so twice as much to get his grain ground as
it did to raise it. Afterwards he expended £800 on
the building and fitting up of a saw mill, and about
£500 on other buildings, while he cleared about 100
acres of land, and laid down 100 acres in grass. He
adds :
“ T also received a quantity of hemp seed from
Commissary J. W. Clarke. I sowed it and it did ex-
ceedingly well. I sent a bundle and gave it to the
hemp committee, and it was deposited in the Com-
mittee room. It measured fourteen feet long and
was very fine. I raised eleven parts out of thirteen
that was raised in the whole Province of Lower
Canada; and according to a certificate that I receiv-
ed from the Hemp Committee of Montreal, and
another from the Commander-in-Chief, I sent two
samples of seed with two bundles of the hemp, and
the certificate to the Society of Arts, and received in
return a silver medal.” Mr. Wright proceeds to
state :
“ This is afine country for the growth of hemp;
but the reason I did not continue to grow it on a
large scale, was the expense of preparing it for mar-
ket. My hemp peelers charged me $1 per day, or
one bushel of wheat, labourers being very scarce in
the township of Hull. I sowed nearly one hundred
bushels of hemp seed, which I sold in Montreal at a
fair price. I was obliged to send the hemp to Hali-
4
96 ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKSILOPS,
fax to find asale for it. I still continue to grow
small quantities for my own use. I alse bought a
hemp mill, which cost me £300, which mill was by
accident, burnt, with two other mills. I lost by this
accident about £1,000.”
In 1803 Mr. Wright had cleared 180 acres, and
in 1804 commenced building a “ blacksinith’s shop.”
It was large enough for four workmen, having four
pairs of bellows, “worked by water,” and four
forges. Next he established a “shoemaker’s shop,”
a “tailor’s shop,’ and a large bakehouse, giving
employment to a ‘great number of workmen.” Mr.
Wright remarks:
“ Before I established these different branches,
I was obliged to go to Montreal for every little
article in iron work, or other things I stood in need
of. Until I commenced these different branches in
the township of Hull, the number of men under my
employ was about seventy-five, employed in different
mechanical businesses, trades, and agriculture; and I
also commenced a tannery for tanning of leather upon
a large scale; and I obtained from New York a
cylinder for grinding bark, also by water; also
cleared a quantity of land, commenced making roads
and built several bridges.”
Mr, Wright had surely done -well in 1804.
Next year he continued, clearing, planting, and mak-
ing roads, and made a trip to Massachusetts where
he procured e valuable stock of grass seed, and col-
lected arrears »' debts due to him; and in 1806, after
an. expenditu’ e of $20,000, he “thought proper to post
and make up his accounts,” to see what he had ex-
pended and how much the inhabitants owed him.
He says:
“T had just returned from Montreal, having
been down with flour; the expense of this journey
this same channel. Only s
TAKES TIMBER TO QUEBEC,
x VQ o7
had consumed the whole value of it, as it was con-
veyed upon sleighs drawn by oxen, and the roads
bad. As I had now been six years in the township
of Hull, and expended my capital, it was time for
me to look out for an export market to cover my im-
‘ ports; no export market had been found as not a
stick of timber had been sent, from that place, down
those dangerous Rapids. I then agreed to try to get
some timber ready and try it, and accordingly I then
set out to examine the Rapids quite down to the
Isle of Montreal.”
Then, Mr. Wright informs us:
“The inhabitants, who uad been settled there
nearly two hundred years, told me it was not possi-
ble for me to get timber to Quebec by the route on
the north side of the Isle of Montreal, as such a thin
never had been done and never could be done.
said I would not believe it until I had tried it. I
prepared my rafts for the spring, and came from
Hull down my new discovered channel for the Que-
bec market. From Hull we came down. all the
Rapids of the Long Sault, to the Island of Montreal
and the river St. Lawrence. It was anew thing
but a costly one to me. Being a total stranger to
‘navigating the Rapids, we were thirty-five days
getting down, as our rafts would often times run
aground, and cause us a deal of labor to get them off
again, and I had no person that was acquainted with
the channel; but having, from experience, learnt
the manner of coming down, we can. oftentimes
come down them in twenty-four hours. However,
after much fatigue and expense, we arrived at Que-
bec with the first timber from that township that
ever came to Quebec, and it can be brought a half-
penny cheaper to Quebec than it can to Montreal.
This was in the year 1807. Now, in the year 1828,
upwards of three hundred common cargoes were
brought to Quebec, and not one to Montreal, through
rentechn years back not
48
.
* Tae ao eapertte ne Sh be: rare ak meena amen Ae a Op RA eR MER AEE me ger ee mm
sb anne 2 pines oo er ER ae Bits a res . J
ij pact Zatis ba eee ie meats = nr “ % sal *: ~
98 MILLS DESTROYED BY FIRE.
one cargo of timber came from the Grand River, and
whoever lives to see seventeen or eighteen years
hence, will, no doubt, see four times that quantity,
not only of timber, but potashes, and flour, beef,
pork, and many other articles too numerous to men-
tion, brought from the same quarter to Quebec.”
Brave and far-seeing Crusoe of the Ottawa !
In the winter of 1808 Mr. Wright began to look
out for employment for his “surplus man.” The
surplus men he thus explains :
“In the snmmer we are obliged to employ a
number of men, and in the winter ene quarter of
that number is sufficient to carry on the business of
the farm; and in order to find employment jor those
additional or surplus men, I commence the lumber
business, drawing and procuring timber for my mills
and sawing them into planks and boards. If J had
not given these men employment during the winter,
it would have been impossible for me to obtain men
in the spring when I most wanied them, as the dis-
tance from my settlement was so great. UWnfortu-
nately for me, on the 8th May, 1808, my mills were
burnt, and not my mills only, but a large quantity
of boards and planks, which were preparing for the
Quebec market. [ had not a piece of hoard. for my
use, without either chopping it with an axe, or
obtaining it from a distance of eighty miles, except
what was on my buildings. This loss was most
severely felt, as it was very near destroying the set-
tlement. There was no insurance effected on my
mills. This loss, indeed, made me almost despair of
ever recovering it, or doing’ any good upon the set-
tlement, and I was about to quit it, but my sons
wished me not to despair. It was also a great loss
to the settlement, as the greater part of our corn was
in the mill and burnt, with the exception of seven
bushels of flour, w hick, were taken from the mill the
night before; and to See the distress that was occa-
ee
MR, WRIGHT RENTS WOOD-LAND. 99
sioned by this accident was most affecting. The
square timber lying afloat was saved, and with it I
came to Quebec, and returned as soon as possible,
and commenced a new saw mill. I set all hands to
work I could obtain, and finished the mill in sixt
days. After so doing I commenced a grist mill,
which I also finished in the fall of the year. During
this period I was obliged to obtain provisions from
Montreal.”
The following year was spent in much the
same manner, the clearances being increased, and
eighty men being employed in “the mechanical
branches,” the farm, and in preparingtimber for the
Quebec market.
Three years later Mr. Wright “let” one hun-
dred acres of wood-lands to be cleared and brand-
ed, and the soil to be made fit for the harrow, for
the price of £4 per acre. He also built a house in
the centre for workmen. He paid £25 for ashes
and £50 for having it well harrawed, the whole
amounting to £500, which was finished and sown
that September with wheat, and fenced round.
Ninety men were employed in exporting timber to
Quebec and on the different farms.
In 1813 he made a road from the saw mill to
the last mentioned house, which he had built, dis-
tant about one anda half miles and built a large bary
49x70, eighteen posts, covered in, and complete for
receiving his wheat, employing 20 additional men
in harvesting, reaping, carting &c. He got his
wheat in “ well and in good order.” Then:—
“T also made an addition to this farm, by clear-
“ite about ninety acres for the next yeor’s crop of
“wheat, with-my own men labourers; and during
30 BUILDS A DISTILLERY.
the winter we threshed out our wheat, and paid
the laborers six shillings for every ten bushels for
threshing which they cleaned and bringeth to the
grist mill. At the iinishing of threshing this wheat,
we measured 3000.bushels, These 3000 bushels cost
me $2000, for which I was offered $9000, three dol-
lars per bushel being at that time the common price
on account of the war. I must say it was the most
advantageous uncertaking I ever engaged in since I
commenced the settlement.”
“ Having a clean profit of 7000 dollars, I contin-
ued to extend upon the farm.”
“JT then commenced building sheds adjoining
the same barn, upon the same farm, 100 feet west,
200 feet south, 208 feet east, and 100 feet to the barn,
‘making in’ the whole 100 feet of shed. The sheds
are 18 feet in width on the west, and on the south
36 feet, and upon the north and east they ai>1f * >t
wide, 18 feet high on the east side in fron: 4; on
square by 12 in the rear, with racks and mangers,
the whole of the distance round bound with iron;
the yard also is fenced. across for different herds of
cattle, well clap-boarded and painted. Upon the
outside, in this way, I keep my ccctle, giving every
‘kind a fair chaneéé to the air.”
“T likewise built a large distillery (40 by 80)
with every article necessary for the establishment,
with a shed of 500 feet, and troughs to receive the
wash, for the benefit of the cattle and hogs.”
Mr. Wright continues to make improvements.
He had sold 100 acres of wood land, adjoining his
own farm in 1804 for 10 shillings an acre. in 1844
he re-obtained possession of these same acres, of
which. sixty had been cleared by the person who
had lived on it for ten years, and who had also placed
some buildings on them, for £5 per acre. In ade
dition to this purchase he cleared 120 acres, seeded
STUMP EXTRACTION. 81
down about’ the same quantity with red clover,
white clover and timothy, sowing about a quart of
each kind to the acre.
“T, this year,” Mr. Wright says, ‘employed abou’,
twenty men upon this farm. They were employed
mostly in clearing of land and building of fences,
and also sowing the fallows with fall wheat.
“JT also made a new road through the centre of
this farm, and we arranged the farm-into different
sections, or pastures, for the accommodation of
mowing, tillage, and pasturing, and also put upon
this farm an additional number of cows, so as to
make the number up to forty; besides thirty yoke
of oxen, old and young, twenty working horses,
besides breeding mares, sheep, goats, and swine.
“This farm up to the present day contains
ubout 300 acres of cleared land, divided into differ-
ent divisions, for the accommodation of the different
kinds of cattle. I also built in addition to the for-
mer buildings, six barns upon this farm, to stow the
en and corn, besides having a number of large hay-
ricks,
“ For some years- past, I have made it.a rule to
raise from thirty to forty calves upon this farm,
besides colts, lambs, pigs &c. I have in general
about thirty old pigs, and double that number of
young ones, besides. fifty breeding sheep.”
Mr. Wright gives the following information
concerning’ stump-extraction :
‘“In.1815 I employed some men in taking out the
small stumps and. roots, and levelling of the rough-
est places, as the roots began to decay, according to
the size of the stumps. Beech and rock maple
stumps are much more easily taken out after the
seventh year; pine, elm, basswood, and hemlock
are less liable B rot, and therefore require about
fifteen years before they can be taken out, especially
those of the largest size. Hyery season I set apart a
Py
bi
a
it
HA
Ae
asic ae
$2 BUILDIN 3 OF WRIGHTVILLE
certain number of days, and take from two to six
pair of oxen, harnessed with strong chains, which
are fastened round the stumps and drawn up, col-
lected together into piles and burnt upon the ground,
and level the vlaces from which they are drawn.
This work is generally done on our mowing or till-
age ground ; but those of the larger kind we omit
until a future time, as every year we are obliged to
spend some time opening of ditches for draining
the land, and also being very particular, upon the
first fall of snow, to sow my grain seed upon the
lands intended for mowing or pasturage, and also to
have a quantity of woodland underbrushed, and
the underbrush piled for the better accommodation
of cutting our fire- wood, so as to have easy access for
‘be wood, if the snow should happen to be deep.
is land in the spring is then burnt, and sown with
w. | or other seeds, which is a great saving to the
farm...”
Up to 1824 this really remarkable man had in
twenty-four years cleared 3,000 acres, and in that
year was the owner of four large farms, made an-
nually 1100 tons of hay, had 756 acres in grain and
roots, wit stock and pasturage in proportion, while
his buildings were valued at £18,257 and the sum
total of farms, stock and buildings at £57,068 15s.
He had even done more than this. He had opened
roads for a distance of 120 miles through the lower
townships, along the river shore to Montreal, and
had Lnilt the village of Wright (now the Town of
Hull) pleasantly situated on the south east angle of
the township, containing a handsome church with a
steeple 120 feet high, a comfortgble hotel, and
several other public edifices. In 1828 the popula-
tion consisted almost entirely of Americans and
DEATH OF MR. WRIGHT. 83
amounted to 1066. Hull had then 8 schools, 2 tanner-
ies, 12 lime-kilns, 4 saw mills, 2 distilleries, and
other manufactories to correspond. Now the popu-
lation is chiefly French Canadians, although the
ruiing spirits are Americans (former residents of the
United States, rather) or their descendants, and
there are two Roman Catholic churches, the old
one of red-painted wood, the fine new edifice de-
signed by Latour, one church of the Church of Eng-
land, and a Meeting-House it may be for Hunkers,
Tunkers, Shaking-Quakers. or some other minor
denomination, slightly dissentient in its orthodoxy
from that of the ordinarily recognized denomina-
tions, into which Protestantism in this progressive
cowntry is more particularly divided. The popula-
tion is about 5,000; there being 1,000 houses, large
steam factories, and all the trades necessary for a
thriving community.
Mr. Wright is buried in the little cemetery
situated on the road leading to Aylmer, to the west-
ward of the town which he founded, having lied at
a very advanced age, leaving behind him as
happy a memory as that of the Patriarch Job, who
had 14,000 sheep and 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of
oxen, and 1,000 she-asses; having also seven sons
and three daughters, when, at the age of 140 years
the good old man, being full of days, died and was
buried.
The family of Mr. Philemon Wright was large,
equal, possibly to that of Job, and have all attained
positions of eminence, one grandson being a member
5
84 THE McNABS,
of the House of Commons of the Dominion, another,
distinguished alike for his eloquence and learning,
and others, inheriting the enterprize of their grand.
father, are engaged in farming, lumbering, and
manulacturing; acquiring wealth for themselves,
and enabling others to acquire it,
Another Ottawa pioneer was ‘“ The McNab,” a
very different stvle of man from the late gallant
lord of Dundurn castle, near Hamilton—Sir Allan
McNab—an active politician, who, on one occasion,
facetiously styled himself “The other MeNab.”
“ High up, says Bouchette, on the bold and abrupt
shore of the broad and picturesque lake of the Chats
the Highland chief McNab has selected a romantic
residence, Kinell Lodge, which he has suceeeded
through the most unshaken perseverance, in render-
ing exceedingly comfortable.” The McNab brought
with him g.eat numbers of his clan to his settle-
ment at the Chats, at much trouble and expense.
They had, of course many difficulties to contend
with, and were not so successful in their efforts as
the followers of Mr. Wright, accustomed to the axe
and to forest life. The highlanders, unaccustomed
to much labor in their native heather, transferred
from one wilderness, as it were, to another, were
less likely to settle down into successful cultivators
of the soil than men, who in early life had not those
peculiar feelings which essentially belong to the
highland character, and are only got rid of by asso-
ciation with men accustomed to the plough, the
hammer, or the plane from their youth up. Neverthe-
less, with the splendid energy which distinguishes
A HIGHLAND WELCOME. 85
the highlander of Scotland, in war and peace, the
clan McNab in America did at length make progress
and are: .w a happy and thriving colony. Bou-
chett<, in a note, thus speaks of his visit to Kinell
Lodge: ‘‘ We cannot pass over in silence the char-
acteristic hospitality that distinguished our recep-
tion by the gallant chief, when, in 1828, we were
returning down the Ottawa, after having explored
its rapids and lakes, as far as Grand Calumet. To
voyageurs in the remote wilds of Canada, neces-
sarily strangers, for the time, to the sweets of civili-
zation, the unexpected comforts of a well furnished
board, and the cordiality of a Highland welcome
fell upon the soul like dew upon the flower. “ The
sun was just resigning to the moon the empire of
the skies,’ when we took our leave of the noble
chieftain to descend the formidable rapids of the
Chats. As we glided from the foot of the bold bank,
the gay plaid and cap of the no}le Gael were seen
waving on the proud eminence, and the shrill notes
of the piper filled the air with their wild cadences.
They died away as we approached the head of the
rapids. Our caps were flourished, and the flags, (for
our canoe was decorated with them) waved in
adieu, and we entered the vortex of the swilt and
whirling stream.”
Since then there have been other men who
have contributed to the wealth of Ottawa. The
Egans, the Gilmours, the Aumonds, the Bells, the
Reynolds, the Cassels, the Skeads, and _ the
Powells, since By, in 1826, laid the foundation.
stone of the political metropolis of this vast Dori-
al ee Oe, ea
nk eaehe deena came 7
Ts Sema) ae tae ep oa ER ae
aa Zp Seg smth — _ as
ooo Ee ae roy ig
88 SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.
nion, gave the District a power in the political world
by their wealth, enterprize, and influence, which
has gone far towards making the city of Ottawa
what she is this day—more even that the enterprize
of the Chaudiére-men, all-powerful and highly com-
mendatory, in one sense, as it is. With the excep-
tion of a Currier and a Wright these latter wielded
little political influence and, indeed, were too much
occupied by purely business concerns to dabble in
politics theinselves, and were, on the whole, perhaps,
indifferent, if not careless, as to forms of govern-
ment or the men who governed, believing that that
form of government which is best administered is
best, and unwilling to interfere with those who,
very judiciously, did not interfere with them.
“Few persons could have believed,” says the
late Mr. Charles Pope, in his ‘Incidents of Ottawa
City,’ that the present capital could have been so
favored asit has been. When the question ‘of
placing the seat of Government at Ottawa was ‘irst
brought up in Parliament, the spectators in the gal-
lery will remember the speech of a Canadian states-
man, who said: “I tell you candidly, gentlemen, you
might as well send the seat of Government to La-
brador.” Yet, strange to say, there were not want-
ing those who, as far back as 1827, predicted that it
would be what it is to-day. Sir John Franklin and
Colonel By were the prognosticators. The former
gentleman declared it on the occasion of laying the
foundation stone of the locks of the Rideau canal:
the remark was called forth from the latter by a Mr.
Burke insisting on getting more land than the Colo-
nel was disposed to give him, “Sir,” said the Colonel,
“this land will be very valuable some day: it will
be the capital of Canada.”
The Colonel fully believed in what he said.
‘ aa rs > 2
LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU, ‘ 87
The By estate in the city of Ottawa is by no means
insignificant and the sparks of his eloquence have
otherwise taken effect there, and will not for genera-
tions hence, it is sincerely to be hoped, be extin-
guished by any system of water-works, which the
Corporation, in its wisdom, sometime within the
next fifty years, may devise and carry successfully
to completion.
There was still another individual who dwelt
upon the Ottawa, without being however an Ottawa
politician, whom we cannot omit to mention.
Born to sway senates and to rule mobs, an autocrat
rather than an aristocrat, but with a lordly feeling
ever swelling in his breast, he, who, for years, had
4 controlled the parliaments of Lower Canada, been
| driven into exile and had yeturned hither again,—
unchanged, unchanging, and unchangeable—the
Honorable Louis Joseph Papineau held in _ pos-
session the ample seignory of La Petite Nation situa-
ted between the augmentation of Grenville and the
‘, gore of Lochaber, where the village of Papineauville
now stands, from youth to age. It was he, who
declared that the.conquest of Canada by Great Britain
had given freedom to his countrymen. It was he
who, being speaker of the House of Assembly of
Lower Canada, thwarted every Governor who at-
tempted to rule so as to make British rule almost
impossible. It was he who urged upon the late
Mr. Justice Morin the celebrated series of resolu-
tions which paved the way for responsible govern-
ment. It was he who, while acknowledging British
justice, excited in his countrymen « fe+ling of in-
38 WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE.
justice sustained at the hands of Great Britain, It
was he, who wore the éfoffe du pays himself and ad-
vised its being worn by others, not to encourage
home manufactures but to reduce the imports into
Canada from the United Kingdom. It was he, who
having led others into rebellion, fearing the conse-
quences for himself fled to France, and after re-
maining there for a number of years returned to
Canada, receiving $16,000 from the country as ar-
rears of salary as Speaker of the Lower Canada
House of Assembly. It was he, who being again
returned to the “Reformed Parliament,” modified
by Baldwin & Lafontaine, and recognized by Cartier,
anathematized Responsible Government, in 1852,
as little better than a sham, and, like William Lyon
Mackenzie, unable to divest himself of previous feel-
ings or to get rid of former reminiscences, at last re-
linquished all share in the politics of the country to
others and became a spectator of a progress and of
changes, which he found it impossible to retard.
That Louis Joseph Papineau settled himself down
quietly at the seignory of La Petite Nation to watch
events. Three years ago we saw him there. He
was hale, hearty, and communicative. He remem-
bered well his old opponent the late Robert Christie
Esquire, and repeatedly member for Gaspé and the
historian of Canada. He took an interest in all that
was going on, and from the banks of the Ottawa,
surveyed the changes that were taking place around.
He revelled in books. A tower of four or five stories
high held a mass of information which a life-time
longer than his, could scarcely enable any one to
THE DEMOSTHENES OF CANADA, 89
digest. His mansion was a French chateau. There
were chapels and servants’ residences on his grounds
which are undu'ating and tastefully laid out.
Walks meandered through green parterres and pri-
meval forest. There was a rivulet and there was a
deer-park in the vicinity. The peacock screamed,
the fowls cackled, the cattle lowed, and all was
peace, where, retired from men and the ordinary
cares of man, the Honorable Louis Joseph Papineau
was yet, until his 85th year, permitted to view hu-
man progress in a country which he had governed
if not ruled, and to which he had drawn particula,-
ly European attention more than any person pre,
viously had ever done.
A few hours in the steamer Queen Victoria will
suffice to bring the traveller to the former residence
of Louis Joseph Papineau—the Demosthenes of
Canada—on the banks of the Grand River, where
he died in September last.
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OHAPTER II.
Natural Wealth of the Ottawa~—The Gatineau—Ironside—The Gilmours—
The Rideau Canal—Cost of the Canal—Looking to Washington—The
Old Soldier in the Backwoods—Duke of Richmond—State of Soctety
in Ottawa,
There js no part of Canada in which the actual
means of wealth are so abundant as in the imme-
diate neighborhood of Ottawa City. The water-
power for manufacturing purposes could not pos-
sibly be exceeded. Rivers stretch for hundreds of
miles northward and southward, meeting the
Grand, or Ottawa river in the very harbor, as it
were; a canal intersects the city, to be y~t lined
with streets for miles along its banks; fin wries
of marble, Trenton limestone, and sandstone, supe-
rior to that known as the Ohio, the Gatineau granite,
and the lead and iron mines or beds in close prox-
imity, offer inducements to the capitalist greater
than mines of gold or silver possibly could do.
There is yet timber to be cut down; land to be im-
proved ; and new modes of ingress and egress ne
being yearly projected. For the further develop-
ment of unparalleled resources, money alone is
needed, and, as the city rises in wealth and popula-
tion, that money assuredly will come. The naviga-
tion of the river will still further be improved ; the
difficulties of the Chaudiére Falls must eventually
40
oS. ea eee
THE GATINEAU. 41
be overcome ; and the long-talked-of communication
of the head waters of the Grand River with Lake
Huron be established, while a Central railroad, run-
ning along the Ottawa Valley and tapping, it may
be, the inland waters behind the towns of Peterboro
and Lindsay ‘vill bring her more immediately in
connection, by land, with the great riches of the fer-
tile far off west.
Speaking of the Gatineau, Mr. M‘Taggart,
Civil Engineer, in the British service, who explored
a considerable portion of this remarkable route, long
before the Gilmours had opened up their vast lum-
bering establishments upon it, thirty years ago, says
that it embraces ‘“ an area of 25,000 square miles,
perfectly distinct from all lands of location, ranging
between the 46° and 48° of north latitude, and may
average about 300 feet .bove the level of the ocean.
It is covered with a dense wilderness of trees, gen-
erally of the hard wood kind, oak, beech, maple,
butternut, &c., which are of the very best quality.”
Bouchette says :—‘ Our ignorance of this river is
partly explained by the common report of its course,
because for upwards of one hundred mus before it
joins the Ottawa it flows parallel with, and but ata
short distance from it, so that no Indian traders have
found it worth their while to make establishments
on it. This river has been wholly unfrequented by
the lumber dealer, on account of the great rapids
and falls near its mouth, at one spot said to be 100
feet perpendicular. It is supposed that the Gatineau
will present one of the finest pieces of river naviga-
tion in Canada after passing the heights of it near
its mouth. The variety of minerals known to lie on
the banks of this river renders it an object of still
higher interest.” !
49 TRONSIDEA
Now there are lumbering establishments and
iron-works of vast magnitude on its banks, the
Messrs Gilmour having with characteristic energy
placed saw mills on it at the beautiful town of Chel-
sea, nine miles from its junciion with the river Otta-
wa. They are on the south bank of the Ottawa,
above the Falls, and booms stretch far above and
below them to catch logs and to float down square
timber to where it can be conveniently rafted for
the Quebec market; and at Ironside a small village.
completely destroyed by forest fires last summer,
| forges have been established and smelting carried
tr ie on with great energy, so that it cannot now be said
i that this river is “wholly unfrequented.” These
an are, indeed, immense establishments, $300,000 being
¥ paid annually for wages.
On the City of Ottawa side of the Grand River
the country is equally good in an agricultural point
of view, but the Rideau brings down no great rafts,
nor are the establishmenis on its banks at all equal
in magnitude to those of the Gatineau. Still there
are brickyards, flour mills, woollen factories and e.
saw mills along its banks and the banks even of the 5
; canal, while a richly cultivated cleared country pro-
ui | duces breadstuffs and root crops in more than abun-
| dance for the use of the inhabitants of the metropolis.
Indeed it may be said the temptation to lumbering
f being less on the south than on the north shore of
the Ottawa river in the immediate neighbourhood
of Bytown has conduced to the better clearing of
the land as the farmers, have shown prudence by
themselves avoiding the lumber business, and by
THE GILMOURS,
48
contenting themselves with « home market for
the sale of the produce of their farms at generally
double the Montreal price to the lumber trader.
Pickens in 1836 says :—‘ Although the lumber trade
ruined other parts of the country, it benefited the
farmers of the Ottawa district, as it was generally
people from other parts that carried on that business
there, and had to depend upon inhabitants of this
division for their supplies of provisions and forage.”
One of the Gilmours, (Allan Gilmour, Esquire) it
may be remarked, has long dwelt in the City of Ot-
tawa, personally superintending and directing the
operations of the firm, who have not confined them:
selves to mere lumbering, but have no less than
nine farms of about 1500 acres, from which they
derive their own supplies.
Let us examine the country along the banks of
the Rideau Canal, the immediate back ground of the
city, first beginning withthe Canal. It commences
at Kingston, and, in the words of Bouchette, traver-
sing the tract of country lying between the St.
Lawrence and the Ottawa, strikes the latter river at
the foot of the Falls of the Chaudiere, and a short
distance above those of the Rideau, situated at the
mouth of that river. It is one hundred and thirty-
five miles long, and perfectly unique of its kind in
America, and, probably, in the world, being mad¢
up, in its whole length, of a chain of lakes, dams,
and aqueducts, so connected by locks of large
dimensions as to open a steamboat navigation from
Ontario to the Ottawa river. Rideau Lake which
44 THE RIDEAU CANAL,
is about twenty-four miles long, and six broad on an
average, is the grand summit level of the canal; it
is 288 feet above the waters of the Ottawa on one
side, and 154 above the surface of Lake Ontario, on
the other, requiring, in the rise and fall a total num-
ber of forty-seven locks, seventeen of which are on
the Kingston side, and thirty-seven between Rideau
Lake and the Ottawa. These locks were originally
planned upon a scale to correspond with those of
the Lachine canal, 7. e. 100 feet by 20; (the St. Lax.
rence Oanal superseded in 1840) but these dimensions
were subsequently increased to 142 feet in length,
by 388 in width, the depth of water being 5 feet.
There are twenty dams on the whole route, con-
structed with remarkable solidity and skill, which,
by the reflux of the waters they produce, have
stringely altered the natural appearances of the
country. In several instances, adam not more than
twenty-four feet high, and one hundred and eighty-
four feet wide, will throw the rapids and rivers into a
still sheet above it for a distance of more than twenty
miles. The dams also back the waters up creeks,
ravines, and valleys; and, instead of making one
canal, they form numerous canals of various ramifi-
cations, which will all tend greatly to the improve-
ment of a very fertile country. The land drowned
by the raising of the dams is not worth mentioning,
consisting chiefly of swampy waters, the haunts of
otters and beavers, according to McTaggart, the able
engineer, who was actively employed in maxing the
surveys and taking the levels on the whole line of
ee
A
ee Se
GOST OF THE CANAT,
45
the canal, as stated in his work, intituled “ Three
Years in Canada.” The principal works on the
whole line are situated at the following places:
Entrance Bay, Dow’s Great Swamp, Hogsback, Black
Rapids, Long Island, Burritt’s Rapids, Nicholson’s
Rapids, Clowe’s Quarry, Merrick’s Rapids, Maitland’s
Rapids, Mdmond’s Rapids, Phillip’s Bay, Old Ply’s
Rapids, Smith’s Falls, First Rapids, The Narrows
The Two Isthmuses, Davis’ Rapids, Jones’ Falls,
Cranberry Marsh,.and Round Tail, Brewer’s Upper
and Lower Mills, Jack’s and Billydoxe’s Rifts, and
- Kingston Mills.
This great work cost England upwards of half
a million sterling, and for many years after its com-
pletion, being considered a military work, the lock-
masters were all discharged sergeants of the Royal
Engineers or Royal Artillery, but, in 1854, it was
transferred to the Government of Canada, and now
forms one of the chains of canal maintained and
kept up hy the Dominion Government, purely for
commercial purposes, °|'! h as much as eyer
available for military pi n the event of v
Bouchette says:
“There can be little doubt that \ hen the hole
line of canal from Kingston to Montreal is eomp!et
and it is now nearly so, the great thorough!
Canades will te transferred from the fron the
Rideau route, until a canal shall have been opened
along the St. Lawrence.”
The latter contingency has long since « ed,
and the Grand Trunk Railroad sweeps, o: will
shortly do so, the face of the Great Lakes and the
46 LOOKING TO WASHINGTON,
banks of the St. Lawrence, from Michigan to
Gaspe, and from Gaspe to Halifax; but the com-
merce of Ottawa is also being improved by inter-
secting lines of railway, the Cttawa and the St.
Lawrence and the Canada Central railway from the
Chaudiere to Brockville—and the construction of the
North Shore road, together with the demands of the
city will create a commerce in the future scarcely
even dreamt of by the talented and farseeing
Bouchette.
One of the weakest points in Canada, in a mili-
tary sense, is that in which the territory of the
United States, a little above Ogdensburg down to
Pigeon Hill, running past Hemmingford, lies con-
tivuous to the British American Dominions. it,
indeed, caused. considerable annoyance to the Im-
perial authorities when they ascertained that roads
had been opened from the frontier through Hem-
mingford. The Horse Guards had determined to
keep that part of Canada in the position of a wilder-
ness as long as possible, so that the forest might be
made a barrier of defence for Montreal, never sus-
pecting that railroads would come into operation to
annihilate distance, and make the transport of men
and materials of war, to any selected point of attack,
a matter of certainty and a thing easy of accomplish-
ment, and, halfa century ago, were naturally enough,
annoyed to find that the eastern townships’ people
were beginning to look to Boston, New York, and
Washington as markets for their supplies.
The military officers who came to Canada to
pe Te ree te ee
THE OLD SOLDIER IN THE BACKWOODS.
47
rule, always kept in view the defence of the country
and frequently, with this end, they visited Upper
Canada. One of their great aims was to establish
military settlements. In spite of everything that
could be done to prevent it, citizens of the United
States, whether United Empire Loyalists or not,
came and settled in English speaking Canada, and
not a few ventured to “locate” themselves‘in Bas
Canada, They were not bad settlers by any means.
They cleared the forest, built saw-mills, kept taverns,
and developed all the resources within their reach,
but to the military man they were not pleasant to
look upon. He could not bear to hear the words
“guess,” “kalkilate,” “reckon,” “heow,” “critter,” and
“tarnation,’ whatever virtues such people might pos-
sass. To martial ears these were, indeed, unmusical,
and possibly harsh sounds, and the probable influence
of such settlers in particular localities was sought to
be counteracted by military setilemenis. With this
view humerous grants were made to deserving old
soldiers in the interior of the country between King-
ston and Brockville, and the Ottawa river. These
men, on the whole, succeeded well. Far removed
from the temptations which too frequently led
astray men who have been accustome. to military
life, the old soldier in the back woods of Canada has
been the means of making the wilderness blossom
as the rose, to as great an extent as any other class
of settlers.
In the summer of 181) the Duke of Richmond,
being Governor (Greneral of Canada, went on a visit
to his son-in-law, Sir Peregrin Maitland, the Lieu-
WA
‘Seeman epee re scm EDEN eS SHeenserrtenrte ener em em latin aE SICS REE
: a RERE e met n Spemt a atte yee raisons Loe PTO secs Teepe :
: ene ss z ne ae Slow
-"
+
UKE OF RICHMOND.
48 D M
tenant-Governor of Upper Cenada. The Duke was
a Governor by profession. In early life he had in-
dulged in those excesses to which men of fortune
are prone. He had been seduced into horse-racing
He had played rouge ef noir at Baden. He had been
bilked at the Derby and on the continent, and his
private fortune was at a low ebb. But he had
nevertheless, the spirit, the feelings, and the man-
ners of a British nobleman, and notwithstanding his
dissipations, or perhaps, on account of them, he was
held in a certain amount of esteem by those who
had the opportunity of coming into contact with
him. He was not, however, popular as a Governor
in Canada. Garneau says of him :—‘ he was one
of the greatest of British notables, a personage who
had governed Ireland tant bien que mal, and who
was fain to pass from one vice-regal charge to
another, to amend his fortune, which had been
much impaired by dissipation and extravagance.”
Well, this nobleman, having been on a visit to the
Lieutenant-Governor at “ Little York,’ on his re-
turn tv Quebec, thought he would take a run
towards the Ottawa and view the military settle-
ments, and contemplated military works there. With
this view, one fine morning on the 26th of August
he turned off at Brockville to see the settlement in
rear, intending to go home by the river Ottawa. He
was accompanied by a fatigue party to act as canoe-
men, a guide, and the officers of his suite. At the
start he was seemingly in the enjoyment of excel-
lent health, and aithough not a young man, his step
was buoyant and clastic. All went well, indeed,
POR EEA Tre basen
[OOS acevo uggs
DEATH OF DUKE OF RICHMOND,
49
until the party reached Chapman’s Tavern, on the
spot where the village of Richmond now stands.
Then the Duke became very ill. He had sudden
starts, disordered vision, convulsive movements of
the limbs, and severe pains in the stomach. There
was ample accommodation for the sufferer in Mr.
Ohapman’s house, but His Grace having heard that
Mr. Chapman was a Yankee, refused to be taken
inside, and was with difficulty prevailed upon to
allow himself to be carried into Mr. Ghapman’s
barn. However, he received every possible atten-
tion but his malady increased, and after a few hours
of excruciating suffering, the Duke of Richmond
was no more. This distressing occurrence has been
attributed to hydrophobia arising from the bite of a
fox, and the deceased nobleman was buried with
great pomp and ceremony on the 4th of September
following, in the Protestant Cathedral at Quebec.
The land on the Upper Canada side of the
Ottawa River is, on the whole, of good quality.
Some of the front settlements are rough, stony, and
gravelly, some poor and of alternate sand and clay,
some light and sandy but well watered, Gloucester
township having two fronts, one on the Ottawa and
the other on the Rideau has in rear a clayey, and
on the Rideau front a gravelly soil, while Osgoode,
fronting on the east side of the Rideau River has a
soil described as rich, black, and gravelly.
The farmers soon became comfortable, and the
village, or as it was called, the town of Bytown,
grew in wealth with the advancement of the sur-
7
50 STATE OF SOCIETY,
rounding country. The stores were ample for the
wants of the community, They contained every-
thing which a family needed; the grosser woollen
fabrics, coarse linens, strong cottons, heavy-boots,
teas, sugars, molasses, needles and thread, wax and
thimbles, hoes and pickaxes, spades and rakes,
shovels and dog-irons. The shops were indeed
stores of everything great and small trom a needle
to an anchor. There were smithies, or blacksmiths’
forges, cobblers’ shops, flour and feed shops, taverns
and livery stables; but the haberdasher or the iron-
monger, the merchant tailor or the perfumer, the
fancy goods shop or Vienna warehouse, the grocer
and Italian warehouseman, nor the wine-merchant
had not established themselves. There were few
churches and fewer schools. There were no danc-
ing masters and no gymnasts. The people were
rude and unlettered, and the rising generation were
even worse than their fathers, who had had, at least,
the beuefit, in early youth, of being brought up
under the influence of an advanced civilisation.
Necessarily, the young men growing up in the vil-
lage of Bytown, who could not be sent off to Mon-
treal, Quebec, or New York for the means of educa-
tion, became roughs. They were being brought up,
or rather, were growing up, as it were, beyond the
influences of civilisation, and their manners were
such as might be expected from such training. They
had little respect for the fifth commandment. They °
anathematized horribly, and lewd ideas suggested.
beastly language. The farmers’ sons were contami-
nated by ‘“ the Shiners,” and “ the Shiners ” were
SL OEE
ESE Oe
STATE OF SOCINTY, 51
not improved by young men, whose knowledge
scarcely extended to the ten commandments, and
whose fear of the law was only excited by the pre-
sence of an itinerant magistrate, while the abuse
of justice by some political charlatan combining the
office of store-keeper and justice of the peace became
simply a matter of ridicule. The ministers of reli-
gion, when they appeared, were objects of aversion
rather than of respect. Horse-racingss took place on
the sabbath. The mob estimated crime and punish-
ed it. One fellow cut off the ears of his neighbour’s
horse or shaved its tail. A mob cut off the scound-
rel’s own ears or threw him violently over the Sap-
pers’ Bridge. Political feeling, so late as twenty
years ago, “ran high” uncontrolled by moral princi-
ple. Reliyionists were intolerant of each other.
Roman Catholic was arrayed against Protestant
and Protestant against Roman Catholic. The two
creeds, setting aside the precepts of that religion,
the cause of which each pretended to espouse, came
frequently into contact. There were fights as
between the different tribes of Israel in David’s time.
The champions of Protestantism and of Romanism
fought sometimes with sticks, sometimes with stones
and sometimes with firearms. It was dangerous for a
resident of Wellington Street, twenty years ago, on
some occasions, to pass the Sappers’ Bridge. It
would have been equally dangerous for a resident
of Church street to have crossed that celebrated
structure and pass westward on the 5th of Novem-
ber. There was neither toleration, nor good feeling.
There was, indeed, scarcely order at any time, and
52 SOCIAL PROGRESS,
at all times, order was liable to violent interruptions.
All this has been altered, as if by magic. Now
there are schools, the buildings being good, and the
teachers being men of high education, of talent, and
of character. Now there are Bishops of the Church
of England and Church of Rome and eminent
preachers of the Gospel in the Presbyterian, Metho-
dist, and Congregationalist churches. Now there
are Young Men’s Christian Associations, an im-
proved police, a respectable magistracy, agreeable
and instructive public entertainments, and that de-
gree of civilisation among all classes of the people
which the presence of education on an extensive
seale invariably produces. Crime, or that rudeness,
which is almost criminal without positively being so,
no longer stalks abroad, feared and detested, but still
unrebuked. It is not to be expected that an uncul-
tured boor could to-day insolently ask a command-
ing officer of Royal Engineers to become cook to a
wood-smack and receive the reply given,by Colonel
By to the ruffian who had so insulted him, amount-
ing to that inadvertently given by a Venerable
Principal of the University of Glasgow, to a persis-
tent dun, who had rudely accosted him in the street
—“ ite ad infernam | All classes of the people are
being more or less influenced by the great change
which has come over Ottawa since the advent of
the seat of Government. Fine shops, vieing with
those of Montreal or New York, in the character of
their goods have sprung up; societies for the im-
provement, of knowledge in literature and science
have" been instituted; agreeable promenades haye
IMPROVED DW ELLINGS, 583
been constructed ; terraces of superior dwellings
have taken the place of wooden buildings without
eaves-troughs, or Wwater-sponts; and all the banks
are doing business in elegant and substantial stone
structures. The hotels are of the first class, so far
as Management is Concerned, and Ottawa now, in-
deed, affords enough of comforts for both man and
beast.
CHAPTER III.
Rebellion Losses Bill—Battle of Stony Monday—The “Shiners”’—Cork Town,
The sanction given in 1849 by Lord Elgin, in
his capacity of Governor General, to the Bill for the
payment of losses sustained by those who had been
in rebellion against Her Majesty in 1837-38, gave
the greatest possible annoyance to the Tory or mer-
cantile party of Montreal, and the feeling quickly
extended to Quebec and other places. In Western
Canada the “ Grits” looked upon the action of His
Lordship with more favor, but, on the whole, the
English-speaking portion of the Province, were, in
this matter, opposed to the Lafontaine-Hincks ad-
ministration, as represented, more particularly, in
Lower Canada by those whose vernacular was
French or who resided in Griffiintown, Montreal,
Champlain street of Quebec, and in Letter O, the
headquarters of “the Shiners,” in Ottawa. Lord
Elgin did not seem to be particularly certain him-
self, that he had done right, for, after the outburst
of indignation visited him at Montreal, his
carriage being smashed and the Parliament Buildings
very thoughtlessly burned, he sent the resignation
of his office to the Secretary of the colonies, who
politely refused it, and obtained for the Earl of
REBELLION LOSSES BILL, 55
Elgin and Kincardine the dignity of a Baron of the
United Kingdom, to compensate him, in some
degree, for the abuse heaped u.on him by the Mon-
treal and other Tories, among whom were particu-
larly noticeable, by the violence of his passion, the
gallant Sir Allan McNab whose promptitude in 1837
to meet the wishes of Sir Francis Bond Head, pro-
bably had the effect of saving the Province from
greater fillibustering efforts than were made against
it. The feeling of gratification on the one hand
and.of dissatisfaction on the other, reached Bytown
in September 1849. A meeting was called to take
the matter into consideration. Lord Elgin had been
going from place to place, receiving addresses, and,
in Upper Canada, at all events, was making up, to
some extent, for the indignities which he had suf-
fered ; and to these addresses he replied most ably,
The very zealous towards him in Bytown conceived
the idea of inducing him to visit the place, and a
public meeting was called, with that object. It met
in the Market House in York street. There was a
vast attendance, but it was quite impossible to agree
upon a chairman. A Mr. Harvey was about to take
the chair when the agitation very much increased,
and two men who had been scowling at each other
came to blows. Everybody seized the opportunity
of striking some other body, and the shouts and
screams, and noise of blows were the only sounds
heard until those in the hall had emptied themselves
into the street, There was ample room in York
street for a row, and there was good limestone of a
good size to be thrown by the hand. ‘ Shiners”
56 BATTLE OF STONY MONDAY.
&
and “Blazers” were soon busy. Blood might be
seen pouring down wany a cheek. The “ Blazers ”
were furious and advancing rapidly on the ‘Shiners’
when the latter took refuge behind a fence and had
resort to fire-arms. The fire was irregular and not
well kept up, but it, nevertheless, did damage. A
young man, named David Borthwick, pursning with
only a stick in his hand, a “ Shiner” who had a gun
received the contents under his co.iar bone and
dropped. His opponent, evidently, did not mean to
hit, fev the ball first struck the ground and, rebound-
ing, k’lled the brave lad. The mortal wound of
young Borthwick did not by any means stay the
lighting, however. The battle was vigorously re-
newed and the paving-stones were nearly as effect-
ive a weapon as pistol bullets. The “Shiners” con-
tinued to ~etreat, and the Royal Uanadian Rifles were
called out. The bugles were sounding loud and
clear, when the leaders of the victorious party called
a halt. Three days iater there was an atttempt to
renew “ The Battle of Stony-Monday ” but this the
authorities would not permit. The Royal Canedian
Rifles took possession of the Sappers’ Bridge and re-
fused to permit ans one to pass either up or down
whil« there seemed io be any sign of a disposition
to riotous conduct. The firm, but temperate beha-
vior of the Rifles had the desired effect, and Lord
Elem was permitted to visit Ottawa three years
later, when he made a most able and effective speech
art having now grown into favor with nearly every-
body. Mr. Pope thus speaks of “ the Shiners ;’—
THE SHINERS. 57
“ For some years after tle completion of the
Rideau Canal the inhabitants were troubled with a
class of people in their midst known by the euphon-
ious sogbyiquet of “Shiners,” better understood at
the present day as rowdies.”
“ A feud sprang uo between some Irishmen and
Canadians, and the tlame thus kindled was soon
fanned into alarming proportions; so much so that
Captain Baker, a retired artillery officzr, and chief
magistrate at the time, was compelled to order
the people to arm and patrol the streets, The duties
of the Captain were not of an envious character, for
on him mainly rested tle responsibility ef quelling
it by military interference, or tempering matters in
such a way as to allow the ill feeling to die out quiet-
ly. The course he adopted was one of prudence;
and his persuasive arguments did more towards the
accomplishment of the desived end than a volley of
bullets.”
“As an instance of the lawlessness of the times:
it appears the house of Mr. James Johnston was
fired et, but the occupant escaped unhurt; he was
then assauited on the Sapper’s Bridge and saved
himself by jumping over its westerly side near the
arch, The snow was very deep, and he sank in it
to such a depth as to be incapable of extricating
himself. While in this dilemma, a large stone on
the edge of the precipice caught the eye of his assail-
ants, which they attempted to hurl upon him, and
in this manner to put an end to his life; but it being
firmly frozen to the bank they were unable to carry
out their murderous intention for the moment.
Foiled again in their object they resolved to sur-
round him and to complete the work; but the time-
ly interference of friends not only thwarted them
but finally succeeded in rescuing him altogether.
Three of the gang were afterwards arrested and
punished according to their deserts.”
“Mr, Johnston it is thought, followed no par-
Q CORK TOWN,
58
ticalar calling, and consequently having much spare
time at his disposal, philanth: opically employed it
in endeavouring to pacify the conflicting parties;
but in so doing uufortunately made himself obnox-
ious—probably because he was too officious He
was however subsequently rewarded by being elect-
ed a member of the Provincial Parliament.”
“ At hogsback a family were driven out of their
house and a keg of powder rolled in for the purpose
of blowing it up. The first match failed to accom-
plish its object; and the second one was anxiousl
watched by the Shiner who sat on the able ec
straddle legs. The result was beyond his most san-
guine expectations; for his involuntary aérial ex-
cursion, without the aid of a balloon, caused much
mirth among his friends, who could not but admire
his abrupt and undignified descent,”
‘ There were a large number of shanties or ca-
bins in the vicinity of the Lay By—then called Cork
Town—in consequence of there being none but Irish
families living there. The heads of these were
canal labourers, and were not characterized for in-
ordinate love of peace or order. As a proof of this,
Father M - deemed it necessary to pay fre-
quent visits for the double purpose of cathecizing
and chiding his flock. On one occasion his ap-
pearance was discovered before he had time to reach
the ci.bin of an old female delinquent, who cried out
most lustily: “By the Holy Mary, here’s Father
M——-—.” She then made for the window; but so
hurried was her attempt to escape, that not only did
she effect it but took the window-sash with her
round her neck. This anecdote was frequently re-
lated by the reverend gentleman, whose risible fac-
ulties were always excited at its recollection.”
“Tt is related of a woman who, in addition to sel-
ling milk, made a daily practice of begging money
and previsions. The old dame inhabited a “sand
hole,” at the door of which her cows were accustom-
RETURNING SZNSE. 59
ed to wait to be milked. So successful was her
mendacity, coupled with the proceeds of sale of her
provisions, that in three years she and her family re-
turned to the old country with the sum of eleven
hundred pounds.”
“ At a later period matters took the form of re-
ligious strife, when Catholics and Protestants opposed
each other, and acts of ruffianism and outrage were
the order of the day. It became a necessity for
peaceable individuals when invited to a little re-
union to first possess themselves of a brace of pistols,
as night was the favorite time for disturbance.”
“This state of things continued until 1849
when reason took the place of mob-law, the Shiners
learned sense, and, as a natural sequence, peace and
‘order were restored. It is pleasing to add that the
city has ever since been comparatively free from
crime,”
i a a a ET RT
CHAPTER iy.
The Parliament:Buildings—The Prince of Wales—Prinee Arthur—The ‘Ball—
The Decorations—The Supper—The Honorable ‘Thos. D’Arcy McGee,
M. P.—Death of Mr,.McGeée—Rideau Hall—Sir John Rose—Men of Note.
In approaching Ottawa, from whatever quarter,
the Parliament ‘buildings are most conspicuous.
They stand out against the clear sky in all the
beauty of seemingly varied architecture. Towers,
pinnacles, buttresses, and gables are, in the distance,
apparently, heaped upon each other, and only
become well defined on nearer approach. Not
exactly upon the highest point of land in the neigh-
borhood of Ottawa they are still so situated as to be
visible for miles in every direction, and the effect is
exceedingly imposing. The two Houses of Parlia-
ment, ihe offices of the Executive Council and De-
partmental buildings, forming three sides of a square
are simply grand. The gothic windows, the im-
mense turrets, the glittering spires, and the gigantic
towers, together produce an effect which must be
seen to be understood. They command a magnifi-
cent view of the Falls of the Chaudiére, and of the
lake above, studded with islets, and of the hilly
country to the northward with the broad river im-
mediately below. In speaking of them Lovell uses
these words: “their splendor, their fine commanding
site, together with the beauty of the sur.vunding
scenery, place them in a very enviable position com-
pared with other structures used for similar purposes,
PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS. 6L
and must ever be objects of interest to the tour-
ist and stranger, and pride to the people of Canada.”
£75,000 was the original estimated cost of the build-
ings, but unforseen causes, among which were ex-
cavations which had to be made in the solid rock,
swelled the sum to nearly £4,000,000.” The corner
stone was laid in September 1860 by His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales. The main building
covers an area of 82,866 superficial feet, is 472 feet in
length, and 522 teet in depth, from the front of the
main tower to the rear of the library. The body of
the building is 40 feet high and the main tower and
central entrance 180 feet. The lobby is supported
by massive marble pillars of very beautiful work-
manship, and the corridors, around both Houses, are
ornamented with fine paintings in oil of the Speak-
ers of the two Chambers—some of the most noted
men which this cou. try has produced. There are
fine oil paintings of His Majesty George III and
Queen Charlotte by Sir Joshua Reynolds, a magnifi-
cent full length portrait of the Queen, a marble sta-
tue of Her most gracious Majesty by Wood, and
busts of Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Princess of Wales, while the Speakers’ Chambers are
palatially furnished and decorated with historical
paintings of great value. The Houses too are very
fine, the galleries, capable of accommodating comfort-.
ably 1000 visitors are supported by marble pillars,
the windows are of richly stained glass, and, at night,
the House of Commons is lighted: by gas jets, reflect-.
ed from the roof which is of glass and stained wood,
62 THE PRINCE OF WALES,
quite in keeping with the general character of the
building. Around the face of the rock, fronting the
river, on which the buildings stand, a curiously de-
yised path has been made, with rustic seats, foun-
tains, and every convenience for loungers. In front
the grounds are being planted with trees, and as
soon as the railing on Wellington Street is put up
will present a particularly fine appearance. The
Departmental buildings face inwards to the square,
the eastern block being 318 feet in length and 258
in depth, and the western block 211 by 277 feet.
They are built of cream-colored Potsdam sandstone,
with the ornamental work in Ohio sandstone, and
the external stone carvings are of a kigh order of ex-
cellence.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, as has
already been stated, came to Ottawa in 1860 as part
of an official tour made by the Heir Apparent of the
Crown of England through Canada and partly
through the United States. The Prince of Wales
was accompanied by several men of great distinction,
He was under the special guardianship, being then
under age, of His Grace the Duke of Newcastler
Secretary of State for the Colonies, and was accom-
panied by his Governor, General, the Honorable
Robert Bruce, brother to Lord Elgin. His reception
in Ottawa was of the most cordial kind. Allclassesof —
the people vied todo him honor. Triumphal arches
of huge piles of timber, constructed with wonderful
skill, spanned the streets. Flags fluttered in the
breeze from every house top. As he passed from
PRINCE ARTHUR, 63.
street to street, cheers rang through the air. He
was carried up the Grand River. He was made to
look upon the wonders of the Lake and the Falls.
sie was shown the slides for bringing down timber
iy safety past the Great Falls of the Chaudiere, and
the miles of booms for conducting logs to the saw
mill. He was showr. how expeditiously matches
are made and was enticed to look upon the
rapid revolutions of the saw, as it cut out
pails and doors, and sashes. He was walked
slowly over the Suspension Bridge that he
might feel the spray from the falls, and he was.
taken upon a drum of timber and carried down the-
slides upon araft. His Royal Highness was delight-
ed. He had indeed, every reason to be so. It was
precisely similar with Prince Arthur, the youngest
son of the Queen, who, coming to Canada in the fall
of 1869 to join the Rifle Brigade, to which he had
been appointed from the Royal Artillery, paid an
official visit to His Excellency the Governor Gener-
al Sir John Young (now Lord Lisgar) at Ottawa.
Everything that had happened to the Prince of
Wales, except the laying of the corner stone of the
Parliament buildings befel Prince Arthur. It was
not however until the Parliament met that he was
feted. The new buildings of which the corner
stone had been laid by the Heir Apparent of the
Orown of England was now completed. Prince
Arthur was therefore invited to an:entertainment
provided at the cost of the Dominion, the like of
which has been seldom equailed even in Europe.
G4 THE BALL.
Of this feast the following descriptior. is taken from
the Ottawa Times :—
“The Ball given in honor,of His Royal Highness
Prince Arthur, by the two Houses of Parliament,
last night, was attended by upwards of 2,000 persons,
representative of the rank, wealth, and beauty, of the
te Dominion. Soon after the doors were thrown open
a the guests began to arrive, and they kept dropping in
Tha by dozens, till near the reception hour, when the
An lobby of the Senate was literally packed. On the
ct outside of the Parliament Building a guard of honor
of the 60th Royal Rifles was drawn up, while in
the vestibule, immediately inside of the main en-
trance, the Ottawa Garrison Artillery, under the
command of Major Ross, were placed in file, facing
inward, and lining the steps, leading from the
Senate Chamber to the Hall in which the Commons
meet. At nineo’clock the Koyal party arrived. His
. Excellency the Governor General, accompanied by
His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, Her Excellency
Lady Young, and a numerous suite, having received
the customary military honors, the distinguished
Hel party were met in the grand entrance hall by a joint
it Committee of the Senate and House of Commons,
ihe who led the way to the Chamber of the Commons,
P| where His Excellency The Right Honorable Sir
John Young, having on his right hand His Royal
Highness Prince Arthur, and on the left Her Ex-
: cellency Lady Young, standing upon an elevated
_ paltform, in front of the chair of Mr. Speaker, sur-
rounded by the Ministers of State, and such of the
persons of distinction as were honored with the
entrée, held a devée. The arrangements were admir-
able, Notwithstanding the extraordinary number to
be presented, there was not the slightest confusion.
The vast throng moved in at the lower entrance
door for mem#ers of the House of Commons, where
the party to be presented gave a card to an. orderly
placed at the door to receive it, remaining for a mo-
THE BALL, 65
ment or two, under the direction of Col. Bernard,
one of His Excellency’s aides, until those who had
gone before and who had been presented, had passed
off through the Upper door and through the library
into the Senate—for the ball—when he was per-
mitted to approach, and pay the respect which is
due to the representative of Her Majesty, the Queen
of that great empire of which this Dominion forms
a part.
Me In the gallery of this Chamber the band of the
60th Royal Rifles were placed and discoursed sweet
music. Refloored and made quite level from wall
to wall, the bar of the House being removed and
the throne being used as a dais, a more finely ar-
ranged ball room can scarcely be conceived. The
paintings of Her Majesty the Queen, and of Her
Majesty’s grandfather and grandmother were in the
Chamber, and the other walls were hung with im-
mense mirrors, festooned and draped with banners
and flags. A wreath of red, white, and blue bunt-
ing threaded through the gothic openings over the
marble arches of the galleries, the richly stained
glass windows over the throne being illuminated,
vases of artificial flowers, beautifully true to nature,
standing against the gallery walls, and a perfect
flood of light pouring over the dense mass, who
promenaded through the room, cr mingled in the
dance, produced an effect which, without the
heightening effect of those who moved about in it,
can only be described as grand. The lobby or cor-
ridor of the Senate Chamber, was decorated in the
same tasteful style as the Chamber itself. Over the
main entrance was the plume of His Royal High-
ness the Prince of Wales, and on each side of the
entrance were the letters P. A. in purple velvet
strewn over with flowers, while pier glasses, of
great size, were placed around the marble hall
itself, the recesses of which were carpeted and fitted
up as a grove in which the orange tree blossomed,
-and rare plants seemed to grow. The wardrobe
9
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66 THE SUPPER.
of the Senate, with its fine paintings, rich carpet,
rong $8 | tables and softly cushioned sofas, sufficed
for a card room, and indeed there was no want of
such accessories to the gay and festive scene, every
committee room being at the service of such only
as cared for a rubber of whist. A large room, the
entrance to which is from a corridor, in rear of the
Senate Chamber, answered the purpose of a refresh-
ment room, where viands, coffee, and cakes were,
without difficulty, procured.
“As the ball went on, the lobbies, and every
available space of room around the ball room,
proper, was occupied by dancers, and the scene was
one of positive enchantment — from the variety and
richness of the costumes of the ladies, and the
uniforms of the officers of the different services,
every branch of the army having, apparently, its re-
presentative— from th gorgeously arrayed High-
lander to the darkl essed Rifleman, and gayer
scarlet and blue of the other corps in Her Majesty’s
service.
“ The officers of the House were in'Court dress.
“Lady Young was superbly dressed.
“ His Bxcellenty the Governor General wore his
ordinary robes of state, with the addition of white
silk small clothes, silk stockings, and buckled shoes;
and the Committee of both Houses wore white
rosettes on the breasts of their coats, to distinguish
them from the other members of Parliament, and
the plainly dressed civilian guest.
“The supper was beyond all suppers of our re-
collection. It was a trophy of honor to Messrs.
Kavanagh and O’Meara, who provided it. There
was everything that the heart of man could desire,
prepared in a style of excellence which has no
where been exceeded. Numerous as were the
guests, the wants of all were attended to so soon as
an entrance to the table could be secured. The dis-
play of silver plate, the huge cake pyramids, of
every imaginable shape and device, and the abun-
DEATH OF Mr. MCGEE, M. P. 67
dance of cliquot, mumm, and bouzy, with rare sack
and crusty old port, heightened the animal enjoy-
ments of eating and drinking to a degree hitherto
unparalleled in the annals of feasting.”
The parliament buildings, on another occe-
sion, presented a scene the very opposite of that we
have just described.. The windows were darkened,
the walls were hung in black, and mourning was
on every face. One of the ornaments of the House
of Commons, the member for West Montreal, had,
early on the morning of the 7th of Apri!, 1868,
fallen by the hand of an assassin. The House had
risen about two o’clock that morning, and Thomas
D’Arcy McGee immediately preceding the adjourn-
ment, had made one of those brilliant and teiling
speeches for which he was famed. On his way to
his lodgings, he was followed and shot dead.
Where there were many talkers, few good speakers,
and with the exception of the limited number of
gentlemen, immediately on the right and left of Mr.
Speaker, no debaters, Mr. McGee was indeed an
orator. He studied his every utterance, and spoke
with an ease and fluency which betrayed the excel-
lence of his memory. Besides, his was a kindly
nature. Personal enemies he had none. In a word,
.Mr. McGee was a martyr to the hate of an organiza-
tion, wild in its schemes, prejudicial to the best in-
terests of his countrymen, a nuisance to Canada, a
source of annoyance in the United States—one of
those politico-epidemic curses, which afflict a cer-
tain class of peopie, and produce a mania leading
oftentimes to most deplorable results, He fell in
68 DEATH OF MR, MCGER, M. P.
Sparks’ street, as he was in the act of’ putting ‘the
key into the door of his lodgings, Mrs. Trotter’s
Boarding House, in what was then known as Des-
barats’ Block.
Mr, Desbarats shortly after the melancholy
event, caused a tablet to be inserted in the wall of
his house, at the spot where Mr. McGee fell, but
the whole building, including the large establish-
ment of the Queen’s Printer, the Hon. Malcolm
Cameron, and Mr. Desbarats’ own extensive estab-
lishment — printing-office, book-bindery, and stereo-
type foundery—was, about a year afterwards, totally
destroyed by fire, when the massive limestone walls,
to the great surprise of every person, who witnessed
it, crumbled to atoms, and fell down, and the tribute
to Mr. McGee, raised at Mr. Desbarats’ private cost,
was destroyed.
The House ef Commons unanimously voted a
yension to the widow aud daughter of Mr. McGee,
and the expressions of regret at the tragic occurrence
did credit to the gentlemen on the Opposition benches
who, in the warrath and earnestness of their utter-
ances, were in full sympathy with the impassioned
language, modified by sadness, which, in the fullness
of his heart, Sir John Macdonald, as leader of the
government, made use of in alluding to the deplor-
able event.
The following character of Mr. McGee, in no-
ticing a history of his life in the Times nev-yspaper,
may not be out of place here :—
“So sharp, cruel and treacherous, and unexpect-
ed was the end of one whe had filled a large space
Mr. McGEE'S CHARACTER, 69
in the public eye, that it needed nothing else to
awaken public sympathy to the merits of the Hon.
Thos. D'Arcy McGee, or to make it apparent that a
public loss hail been sustained in his death. The
sorrow even that was felt for his wife and daughters
seemed obliterated in the regret for the loss of the
man himself. His many excellent qualities of head
and heart, his enduring love of country and _ his
natural sense of justice, covered up from view all
the shortcomings of a brief but chequered career.
No words were strong enough to point out the great
wrong done to society in his death. No language
could be earnest enough to depict the many good
qualities of which all, who had come in contact
with him, knew him to be possessed. The brilliancy
of his public utterances, the manly openness of his
mind, the gentleness of his demeanour, and the sin-
cere zeal which he had manifested for the social
weal of his own countrymen, combined with the
preservation of peace and good fellowship, among
all origins and creeds, which it was his aim to culti-
vate, contributed to excite an intense feeling of
horror at the cruel audacity of the act which had
deprived him of his life, and which manifested
itself so immediately, so spontaneously, so acutely,
and so universally in the public exhibitions of sor-
row, which grew out of it. The Parliament and
the Press, the Pulpit and the Bar deplored the loss
which had been sustained, and public provision was
made for the nearest of his surviving relatives,
There was no other possible compensation to his
family, and the injury to mankind was irremediable.
In the tumult of sympathy it almost seemed as
if the talents, if not the virtues of Mr. McGee,
wer? too highly rated. And, perhaps, they were.
Nevertheless, now that the calm has succeeded to
the burst of indignation and the storm of human
ey which immediately followed his death,
there is still enough of “greatnesss ” left to Mr.
McGee to be publicly dealt with, and impartially
70 Mr. MCOGER’S CHARACTER.
discussed. Mr. MeGee was humbly born and
humbly educated. A loving mother, superiorily
endowed tor the wif. of a man in the social standing
of his father, who was in the Coast Guard Service in
Treland, seems to Have given him much of that
early training, which he afterwards turne: « such
excellent account; and a strong loving heart, in
himself, brought forth those fervent and patriotic
expressions of resentment for the fancied wrongs. of
others, from the consequences of which he escaped
as by a”miracle, becoming Conservative of Church,
and State, and law and order after he had reached
that maturity of intellect which enabled him to
discriminate between the seeming and the real. In
nv sense, however, was Mr. McGee a statesman, and
in somefsense cnly, was he a poet. In that latter
sens? Mrs. Sadlier has shown Mr. McGee to great
advantage. She has done more than that. ler
sketch, which is eloquent, perhaps even highly co-
lored, affords the true likeness of the man. It
pourtrays the man of genius in the eccentric im-
pulses of the;youth.”
In the New Dominicu Moathly Mr. John Reade
thus speaks of Thos. D'Arcy McGee the poet:
“ Likefmany others of the sons of song, he was,
by force of reason or circumsiances, early separated
from his first love—not, as we shall see, by an
quarrel,‘ but probably because the alliteration of
poetry and poverty did not present to him very
pleasant prespects. So he parted from her—only
seeing her now and then—hoping, one day, when
fortune had found him, or he had found fortune, to
come or’callfand sing once more. Alas! loves that
are thus slighted, even if they remain true, cannot
be expected to keep all the strength and beauty of
their youth. So the reader need not be surprised if
we say that Mr. McGee, the lecturer, and Mr. Me-
Gee,"the statesman, did—during the days of the as-
a ee a ar ee ee
SIR JOHN ROSE. q 1
cendancy — no little violence to Mr. McGee, the
poet.
‘And yet, the first love had been faithfully re-
membered. Never. for a day, was there the slight-
est intention of repudiating her for the sake of any
of those iavorites that, for the time, might seem to
occupy her throne of affection. She was, in fact,
rapidly rising into acknowledged queenhood—the
crown was just slanting upwards to her head—
when the deed was done.
‘We discover in these lines the natural bent of
Mr. McGee’s mini. He was, as we have said, es-
sentially a poet. Hverything connected with poets
and poetry had a charm for him that nothing else
afforded. In the lines under the heading, ‘’Twas
glorious then to be a bard’ we find as enthusiastic
an appreciation of the poetic gift and office as ever
we remember to have seen. They may be found
among the ‘occasional verses’ appended to his
‘Canadian Ballads,’ published about twelve years
ago by Mr. Lovell. Similar in tone are these lines
from his poem on Sir Phelim O'Neil, “ Infelix Fe-
lix:”
O! clear eyed poets, ye who can desery,
Through vulgar heaps of dead, where heroes lic,
Ye, to whose glance the primeval mist is clear,
Behold, there lies a trampled noble here !
Shall we not leive a mavit? Shall we not do
Juscice to one so hated and so true.
His high ideal of a poet, and his aspiration after
that ideal, are he:e very manifest. There is in
these lines, too, a strangely prophetic apr’. »bility
to the sad close of his ovn career.
Among others to whom Ottawa may lay a kind
of claira, is the Honoruwble Sir John Rose now of
London, England, who held the high position of
Minister of Finance, in the Dominion Government
for a considerable period of time. Like one of
the most celelyrated of England’s chancellors, Sir
79 MEN OF NOTE.
John worked his way up in the world by his own
cnergy, industry, tact, and perseverance, As a very
young man he was a tutor in the family of Major
Boulton of the Royal Engineers, while that officer
was stationed in Bytown, and, becoming amember
of the Bar of Lower Canada, by the mere dint
of pluck and continuous study, combined with
unswerving prohitv, he first attained eminence
in his profession, and afterwards entering into
the arena of politics, reached a position of
which any man might be proud. But there are
others of whom Ottawa may justly boast as being
among her residents. They are men in the humbler
walks of life, taking only that part in polities, which
all men of intelligeuce, and who love their country,
inevitably take. They are not even to be mixed up
with those men of business whose energies have
contributed so much towards the advancement of
Ottawa, in a commercial point of view, but are men
of genius, whose talents reflect lustre at every turn,
and, foremost among these is the almost self-taught
sculptor, etcher, and painter, Burns. He it was,
who contributed to the art beauties of the city, in
the design of that magnificent edifice, erected for
Messrs, Hunton & Shoolbred, in Sparks street ; and
about whom, like the inspired designer of the Scott
Monument, there seems to be that taste for combina-
tion of styles of decoration, almost amounting to
originality of conception. Then there is Mr. Wil-
liam McKay, a house decorator, who is, indisputa-
bly, a genius. He is an inventor of several useful
things, such as the magic mirror, in which the
RIDEAU HALL, 73
human face divine, may be seen in ll its aspects,
and multiplied fifty-fold; and his well-known
character for taste gave him the coniract for the
supply of those rich windows of stained glass, with
which the Houses of Parliament are enriched.
The residence of His Excellency vhe Governor
General is in New Edinburgh and is commonly
called Rideau Hall. Jt isa large plain, but conven-
lent building, surrounded by 385 acres of well laid
out grounds, and there are beantiful avenues of'
shaded trees attached. New Edinburgh is a small
village on the Gloucester side of the Rideau, which
is rapidly growing into something closely approach-
ing to a suburb of the city. It hes mills and some
fine private residences particularly that of Mr.
Ourrier, M. P.
‘ {
k }
a
i
CHAPTER V.
Gaol and Court House—A Wooden Allegory—The Romar Catholic Gatho-
dral—Christ’s Churech—The Bishop’s Chapel—St, Alban’s—Rev, Mr.
Johnston—Catholic Apostolic Chureh—St. Joseph’s--St, Andrew's, Bank
Street, Methodist, and other Churches—Other Public Buildings—Inei-
dental Remarks.
The Gaoland Court House of Ottawa, two
distiact and very fine buildings are crnamental to
the city, and are situated on Daly street. The gaol
is a model in so far as its internal arrangements are
concerned. It is heated by hot water pipes, is
roomy, well ventilated, and admirably kept. The
governor is Mr. Powell, a brother of the Sheriff, and
the excellence of whose management is fully
admitted. Strict without being severe, firm but
judicious, he commands the respect of those placed
under him, and has the confidence of the Counties
Council, whose officer, under the Sheriff, he may be
considered to be. It was in front of this gaol that
Whelan, tried and convicted of the murder of Mr.
McGee, was hanged, nearly a year after the perpe-
tration of the crime.
The Court House is not yet completed, It isa
spacious and handsome structure. The rooms are
commodious, and every comfort made for judge and
jury, the accused and the public, the members of
the bar, and the officers of the different courts. The
A WOODEN ALLEGORY, "5
former Court House was destroyed by fire on a cold
winter's morning, in January, 1870, and the present
one is to supply the place of it.
The building bears on its front the Royal arms,
finely cut in Ohio sandstone, by Mr. Somerville,
sculptor, Rideau street, and is surmounted by a
large wooden image, meant to represent “ Justice.”
This wooden image has a pair of scales in its hands,
seemingly made of iron, and if it receive, as it will
need, a coat of paint once a year, it will not produce
a more hideous effect on so fine a building than is
generally anticipated. “Justice” sometimes needs
a coloring. Here, a yearly coat of paint is indis-
pensible to the beauty of the wooden-headed “ alle-
gory ” surmounting the Court House of the County
of \ ‘arleton.
Qne object of attraction is the Roman Catholic
Cathedral, situated on Sussex Street. It has two
towers of light, open, gothic work, 200 feet high.
The ceiling is 65 feet high, and the church 200 feet
long end 72 wide. It was founded in 1841, and can
contain 2 congregation of 2,000 souls.
This really, handsome structure, which was
finished in 1864 is built in the early English style
and although net presenting a gorgeous interior has
still a highly respectable appearance. Everything
is light and neat—pulpit, galleries, and altar. “here
are several fine oil paintings and one—the “ Flight
into Egypt” isattributed to Murillo. The organ is a
very superior tstrument. It was built in 1849 by
Casserant and restored in 1861 by Mitchell. ‘he
q 6 OHURCHES.
soubassement is 120 feet in length, 72 in breadth, and
17 feet in height. The Bishop of the Diocese is the
Right Revd. Monseigneur Guigues, and the Vicar-
General the Rev. D. Dandurand.
The oldest church in the city is, however,
Christ’s Church of the Church of England. It stands
upon the promontory at the end of Sparks street, and,
from its site, one of the finest views imaginable is
obtainable. The whole north shore with its densely
wooded, hilly aspect, the basin of the Chaudiére
the mills and immense piles of lumber and the
rapidly rolling river, form a landscape, peculiar of
its kind, and particularly attractive, The church
was built forty years ago, the primeval forest having
been eut down to make a place for it, and, some
years since, under the ministry of the Revd. Dr.
Strong, it was enlarged to its present cruciform
shape. The church now accommodates about 1,000
people but it is intended to build a new church at
a cost of $40,000 of very much larger dimensions,
and in a style of architecture befitting the capital of
the Dominion. Six years ago a parsonage house
was built, which is now occupied by the Rector, the
Rev. J. 8. Lauder, M. A., at a cost of $7,000 not in-
cluding the site, and which is considered one of the
best in Canada.
The Bishop’s Chapel on the corner of Sussex
and Rideau streets, as it were, was built originally
for a School House, but has ever since its erection
been used as a Chapel of Hase. This year, His
Lordship the Bishop of Ontario having decided
OHURCHES, vad
upon residing permanently in Ottawa, a wing was
added, and the name was changed to that which it
now bears. It is really a very pleasing edifice in
the gothic style of architecture, but it would be
very much improved were it surmounted by a spire
about the centre of the building, rising from the
ground.
St. Alban’s Church of the Church of England
is situated on the corner of Daly and King streets
and was erected in 1867. The style of architecture
is gothic. Itis said, indeed, that it is one of the
most correct gothic edifices in the province, but it
certainly has a not very attractive exterior. The
architect was Mr. King Arnoldi, whose work, how-
ever is not yet complete, as the Chancel tower and
vestry have still to be erected ; a temporary Chancel,
arranged inside of the east end, is used at present
The church was opened for Divine Service on Sep-
tember the 8th, 1867, and the whole structure, in-
cluding a splendid basement-story, of the same di-
mensions as the church, was completed in six
months, At present there is comfortable accommoda-
tion for 350 persons and when the church is com-
pleted it is expected to seat 500. The building of
this church, the cost of which was over $10,000, is
chiefly due to the zeal and energy of the incumbent
the Revd Dr. Jones, the chief contributors being a
few friends from various parts of the Dominion, and
the gentlemen of the Civil Service residing in the
neighborhood. The seats being all free, large
numbers of the poor and working classes availed
78 OHURCHBSs.
themselves of the benefits to be derived from the
ministrations of Dr. Jones. All the expenses, in-
eluding the stipend of the clergyman are defrayed
by offertory collections.
The only other Churches of England in the
neighborhood is the one in New Edinburgh, that
of St. Bartholomew, of which the Revd. Mr. Hig-
ginson, is incumbent, near the residence of His Excel-
lency the Governor General, a small gothic building
neat and unpretending, capable of accommodating
about 250 persons, and that at Hull, of which the
Revd. John Johnston Chaplain to the Senate, is the in-
eumbent. The latter is really a beautiful little church,
styled St. James’. It was erected about four years
ago, to replace the old St. James’ Church, destroyed
by fire, and which is said to have been the first
sacred edifice built on the Upper Ottawa, Bytown
being then only an out-station in connection with it,
the clergyman in charge at St. James’ being in
charge also of the church congregation in Bytown,
The Revd. Mr. Johnston, the present incumbent,
has been thirty years doing duty in Hull, and to
him the changes which have taken place in the way
of church extension since the commencement of his
ministry cannot seem less than marvellous. He is
to-day the same pains-taking minister that he ever
was, and rejoices heartily at the progress which has
been made.
In an upper room of the house, in Hull, occu-
pied by the minister in charge, the Revd. Ed. J. W.
Roberts (Episcopus) the members of the “ Catholie
Apostolic Church” assembled for worship and prayer
CHURC HESe 79
when the seat of Government was removed to Ot-
tawa. The whole congregation, including priests,
deacons, under-deacons, and deaconnesses, only
numbered 150 souls. The church was first organiz-
ed in Ottawa, in the year 1855, under the charge of
the Reva. Joseph Elwell and fell under the charge
of Mr. Roberts in 1856. In 1860 it was found ex-
pedient to remove the altar and hold the services
thereat in Hull. Again the Church is back in Ot-
tawa avery neat gothic church having been built
at the corner of Albert and Sally streets, in 1870,
and the officiating clergyman is still the Revd. W.
Roberts, the priests being Mr. Alpheus and Mr. Al-
fred Todd, and Messrs. Webb and Curtis.
Being a small congregation, the members of
which are much and widely scattered, all the ser-
vices which, under more favorable circumstances
would be fulfilled by it, are at present impossible
Those actually fulfilled are — ist. The Holy
Eucharist, with a preliminary forenoon service, be-
ginning at 10 \. M.; and Evening Prayer, at 5 Pp. M.,
every Lord’s: Day (Sunday). The Holy Eucharist,
at 10 A. M., every Tuesday, and on all the principal
festivals of the “ Catholic Church ;” Evening Prayer
daily, at 5 p. M.; and Forenoon Prayer, with the
Litany, at 10 A. M., on Wednesdays and Fridays.
The general doctrines held and taught, of all, with-
out doubt or dispute, are embodied in the three
Creeds, commonly called; “the Apostle’s,” “the
Nicene,” and “the Athanasian.” The particular dif-
ferences between this and similar congregations and
others, consists: 1st, In the former believing in an
80 CHURCHES.
Universal Centralizing Ministry of “some Apostles,
some Prophets, some Evangelists, and some Pastors
and Teachers’, having divine authority to care for
and to minister to all the Churches of the Baptized,
binding all together in one doctrine, one fellowship:
one breaking of bread, and one object and hope of
prayer with Apostles, both those who were in the be-
ginning, and others believed to be given in these
days; and 2nd. In an assured faith and lively hope of
the second personal (as distinguished from spiritual)
coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, to receive His
whole Church—the great body of His faithful bap-
tized people—unto Himself, some by resurrection
and others by a change of their bodies; to destroy
“the beast and the false prophet,” and to set up His
Kingdom in visible power, glory, and honor, upon
the earth. The name “Catholic and Apostolic” ts
assumed because it is the true name for the
whole Church and serving as a connecting link with
all who profess and call themselves Christians, and
are baptized into the one body—the church. The
ends contemplated, in all the services of worship
and prayer are, first, the restoration of all the
Churches of Christendom to unity and peace, as
members of the one Holy Catholic Apostolic Church”
and ultimately to that spiritual as well as corporate
Ecclesiastical condition, in which they need to bein
order to be ready for the Lord’s second coming, “ as
a Bride adorned for her Husband.”
~ St Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church is situated
en Wilbrod between Ottawa and King streets. It
was built in 1857 and was enlarged in 1866. It
belongs to the Society of the Missionary Oblates, is
JHURCHES,
CHURCHES 81
built of stone, and cost about $20,000. The first
parish priest was the Rev. F. Trudeau, whose me-
mory is still held in veneration, and who was suc-
ceeded by the Rey. F. Corbett Coopman. The
Rev. J. Guillard is the present parish priest, and
has held that position since 1862. There are 220
pews in the church, which accommodate one thousand
persons. The choir, presided over by the Revd. F.
Derburt, is a very fine one, and the organ not much
inferior to that of the Cathedral. The congregation
is Irish and French, and the preaching alternates in
French and English. The church is most ad-
vantageously situated, and adjoins the “ Ottawa
University.”
St. Patrick’s Churcen, Hugh street, between
Nepean and Gloucester streets, is not yet completed.
It was designed to supply the place of the exceed-
ingly plain building in Sparks street, called “St.
Andrew’s Church,” originally occupied, it is said,
by the Wesleyan Methodists. It is truly the
ugliest sacred edifice, interiorily and exteriorily, on
which eye ever rested, but has a good organ. Two
or three years ago, the members of this congrega-
tion, urged thereto by their excellent pastor, the
Revd. J. J. Collins, began the erection of the new
St. Patrick’s Church, but the undertaking was un-
happily interrupted, owing to some misunderstand-
ing with regard to the proceeds of a bazaar, got up
with the view of helping towards its erection. The
new building will be, when completed next sum-
mer, of which there is little doubt, the largest place
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89 CHURCHES.
of worship in the city. It was cominenced early
in the spring of 1868 and the style is English
gothic. There will be a clear story rising above the
aisle-walls, and the extreme length of the building
will be 195 feet and the width 76 feet. The height
of the spire from the ground will be 204 feet. It is
perhaps worthy of remark that there is no debt on
the site or building with tne exception of $579 of a
balance to be paid for material on the ground. Other-
wise, the property is free from all encumbrance and
the pastoz is fully confident of the closing in of this
fine edifice nextsummer. The Rey. Wm. H. Sheehy
is Vicar of St. Patrick’s.
St. Andrew’s Church, in connection with the
Onurch of Scotland, stands on Wellington street.
It is beautifully situated and has some fine old trees
within the grounds. Commodious and comforiable
it is nevertheless plain within and equally plain
without; but the congregation is rich, zealous,
and enterprizing, and the clergymar pious, learned,
ang earnest, with an addition thereto, that rarest
of all gifts, the gift of preaching sensibly and well.
The first minister of this church was the Rev. John
Cruikshank, now a minister of a parish in the north
of Scotland. He was succeeded by the Rev. Alex-
ander MacKid, since retired from the duties of the
ministry ; by the Rev. Mr. Durie, who died and was
buried on Sandy Hill, where a monument has been ~
erected to his memory by an affectionate brother; and
by the Rev. Alexander Spence, D. D., who studied at
Kdin»urgh and Aberdeen, and was ordained on the
CHURCHES. 83
22nd February, 1841, as the first minister in con-
nection with the Charci of Scotland, in the Island
of St. Vincent, West Indies. Mr. Spence was in-
ducted as pastor of St. Andrews, in this city on the
17th July, 1348, and resigned on the 28th October,
1867, being sueceeded by the Rov. Daniel M. Gordon,
B. D., the present able incumbent, on the 17th De-
cember, 1867.
It is gratifying to know that a magnificent new
structure is about to be erected on the ground on
which the present church now stands, at an expence
of $60,000,
As yet the finest Presbyterian Church in the
city is that known as the Bark street Church, in
which the exemplary and painstaking Rev. Wm.
Moore officiates to a large and highly intelligent
congregation. It is a guthic structure, very neatly
fitted up and capable of accommodating 700 persons.
The spire is very conspicuous being visible from
every quarter of the city, and towers up into the
clear sky a distance of 162 feet from the ground,
and on the whole is an erection creditable to the
city.
Knox’s Church, in Daly street, is another of the
Presbyterian churches in Ottawa, which is the re-
verse of a painted sepulchre, being beautiful
within if not particularly attractive from without.
It was built in 1845. It is, in a word,« frame build-
ing, and cost about $3,000 while it accommodates be-
tween 600 and 700 people. It is intended, we be-
lieve, very shortly to erect a new edifice on a cor-
ner lot adjoining the present church,
84 CHURCHES:
Presbyterianism is thriving here as everything
else is. The Rev. Mr. McLaren, a pious and excel-
lent man, succeeded the Rev. Mr. Wardrope, who
was called to Guelph two years ago.
The Congregational Church, a neat stone build-
ing situated in Town Hall Square, corner cf Elgin
and Albert streets, Centre Town, was erected in
1862, and is capable of accommodating over three
hundred persons. The denomination to which i
belongs, first appeared in the beginning of the Re-
formation, and ‘have ever sitice occupied the front
rank of the dissenting bodies in that country. At
present, in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, the
United States of America, and other parts of the
world, they have more than seven thousand
churches in fellowship with one another. The
Church in this city was formed in 1860. In the be-
ginning of 1859, the Colonial Missionary Society,
London, England, determined on the cominence-
ment of a Cougregational. cause here, no doubt
deeming such a movement of especial importance,
as Ottawa had been selected as the future Capital of
the Canadas,—and with this object in view, the
Committee entered into correspondence, on the sub-
ject, with the Can. Cong. Missionary Society, and
under the auspices of the two societies conjointly,
the Rev’ J. Elliott, formerly of Bury St. Edmunds,
England, who is now pastor of the Church, entered
on the undertaking in July of that yaar. The few
in Ottawa who were prepared to join in the under-
taking, rented the Temperance Hall, in which reli-
gious services were conducted till 1862, when, with
the generous aid of friends in the cause of England
CHURCHES. 5
and Canada, their church edifice Was erected and
opened in the course of that year. In 1865, an
effort was successfully made to Wipe off all the debt
that remained on the building ; and last year,
handsome end gallery was erected, an organ intro-
duced and both paid for. The only debt now re-
maining on the property is part of the price of the
site-—payable 20 years from the time of purchase,—
and when this is paid the value of the whole will
be about $8,000. The Trustees are Mr. James Foote
and Mr. John Lamb, sen.
re4y,
people. The first pastor was the Rev. J. Mackie,
who was succeeded by the Rey. R. J. Langridge.
The Rev. Mr. McPhail is the present pastor.
The Wesleyan Methodist Church, situated cor-
ner of Metcalfe and Queen streets, was opened in
1853. Itis a plain, substantial, stone edifice with-
out any exterior adornments, but wel! finished and
comfortably seated in the interior, having a gallery
on each side and in front. The church is about 80
feet long by 55 feet wide, with parsonage in rear
on Queen street, and cost, originally, fifteen thousand
dollars. The Rev. Mr. Stephenson is the pastor of
this church, having succeeded a very learned and
excellent man, the Rey. Mr. Harper, about two
years ago. Mr. Stephenson is distinguished for the
aptitude cf what he says of spiritual matters in con-
nection with the concerns of real life. He is a man
of far more than ordinary ability, of strong literary
tastes, and exempiary in his intercourse with the
86 CHURCHES.
members of other churches. A preacher of the
gospel, he is evidently free from that mere “ cant,”
which is too frequently mistaken for zeal, and never
attempts to strain scriptural truth to meet sectarian
dogmas.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, York street,
was built in 1844, during the pastorate of the Rev.
James Gardiner, and re-built during the year 1867.
It is a handsome brick building, with white brick
corners and window arches, and a basement of
stone. It is situated at the corner of York and Dai-
housie streets, and will accommodate over 400 per-
sons ; is provided with a fine large basement for the
use of the Sunday school, and is worth about $6000.
This congregation has established branches in
various parts of the adjacent country, and organized
what is now a flourishing cause at the west end of
the city. It is now under the pastoral care of Rey.
Mr. Abbs.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, Chaudiére, is’
situated at the corner of Queen and Bridge streets:
is a good substantial frame building, painted white,
and capable of accommodating 250 persons. It was
spened for Divine Service on the 25th December,
1864, arJ is worth about $3,000. This congrega-
tion has succeeded in organizing a very flourishing
Sabbath School. It is now under the pastoral care
of the Rev. Mr. Lane.
Besides the churches and other public buildings
there are several buildings werthy of notice in the
city. There are two public hospitals for the care
PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
87
and cure of the sick—one called the “County of
Carleton Protestant Hospital,” on Sandy Hill, and
the other the “ General Hospital,” under Roman Oa-
tholic influences and control, in Bolton street. Both
institutions are admirably conducted and eligibly
situated.
The bank buildings are beautiful specimens of
the architectural art. There are several bank build-
ings, indeed, only in the course of er»ction — “ The
Merchants’ Bank,” on Sparks street, the building for
the Bank of British North America, in Wellington
street, and the Union Bank at the corner of Rideau
and Little Sussex streets. These are all handsome
and substantial structures, but for elegance of design
and symmetry of proportion, the “ Bank of Quebec”
is unsurpassed by any building in the city. The
foundation of a fine new structure for the branch of
the Bank of Montreal in this city, on a site adjoin-
ing the Times office, is being laid while we write,
and will doubtlessly be one of the most imposing
edifices of the kind in the metropolis. The private
residences recently erected, and the business houses,
are very handsome structures, Sussex street, in a
business point of view, is a very fine street with
spacious shops, but the finer buildings of the busi-
ness class, are probably to be found in Sparks street
—those of McGee & Russell; Allan, McKinnons &
MMcMoran; the wholesale establishment of Garland
& Mutchmor; and the beautiful business house of
Messrs. Hunton, Son & Co., being cases in point.
There are excellent sporting facilities, in the
neighborhood of Ottawa. The rivers and lakes
88 INCIDENTAL REMARKS.
abound with fish and fowl, and there is only a very
short distance to travel to get at them. Even in the
“Raging Canal” there are maskinonge, and all the
back lakes have fine trout.
Nothing is wanting to the resident of Ottawa but
learned leisure to insure the most perfect happiness,
as the climate is the most healthy that possibly
could be desired. There are no plagues, nor any
other pests if forest fires be excepted. The people
are all growing wealthy, and streets are being built
where a dozen years ago there were swamps.
Taere are steam fire engines, and all that the heart
of man could desire except water-works to make
man comfortable. Ottawa is, we repeat, making
rapid progress, covering a space of three miles in
length and about as many in breadth but having no
good place of amusement-—no theatre, nor any
proper Music Hall,’ and a wretchedly ugly looking
City Hall. Tine, however, will speedily remedy
those drawbacks.
CHAPTER VI.
The Press—The First Newspaper published in Ottawa-—-The Bytown Inde-
pendent-—-The Bytown Gazette—-The Ottawa Advocate—The Packet—
The Citizen—The Monarchist—The Orange Lily—The Railway Times—
Le Prevrés—The Canada Military Gazette—The Banner—The Daily
News-- ‘he Tribune—Le Courrier d’Outaouais—The Times—Thé" Daily
Post—Le Canada—The Free Press—The Evening Mail—The Saturday
Review—The Volunteer Review.
ee
Newspaper progress in British America has
been, in the fullest sense of the term, extraordinary.
In 1764, over a hundred years ago, the Quebec Ga-
zetle, a very small sheet, was first published at the
City of Quebec, in French and English. It was not
however until 1816 that the first Ontario newspaper
appeared, while ai that period, in both Canadas, there
were altogether only five newspapers published in
the Lower Province and one in the Upper. The
first newspaper in Bytown only made its appearance
in 1849, fourteen years after the foundation of the
town. Now there are 255 newspapers printed in
Ontario and 96 in the Province of Quebec, and the
number is daily increasing, while there are at this
moment, published in the city of Ottawa alone, six
daily newspapers. The great increase in the num-
ber of newspapers printed and circulated in Ottawa
is indisputably due to the network of railways spread
over the Province. The Grand Trunk and Great
Western Railways have given the Toronto Globe, the
Toronto Telegraph, and Torento Leader an impetus,
12.
ieee
—— se haan entre
90 THE PRESS,
which, without it they could not possibly have ob-
tained. The railroad places these newspapers on
the breakfast-tables of the reaaing populations of
towns, hundreds of miles to the eastward, westward,
northward, and southward of Toronto. The rail-
road, indeed, is the great news distributor, and rail-
roads having hitherto been more common in Western
Canada than in Hastern Nanada, or the other Pro-
vinces of the Dominion, the progress of newspaper
literature has been consequently greater, in Western
than in Kastern Canada, one fact not being over-
looked, that the majority of the people of Upper
Oanada read and speak the English tongue, while
in Lower Canada the bulk of the city populations,
and, nearly the whole rural population, speak
French, ard are not so particularly interested in
English news or English politics, or so greedy of the -
acquirement of such information as the Teutonic
tribes seem naturally to be.
The first newspaper published in Ottawa was
intituled “The Bytown Independent” and was. es-
tablished by: Mr. James Johnson, a man of consider-
able energy. and no inconsiderable talent. It was
published in.a house at the corner of Bank and
Wellington streets, immediately opposite the present:
Government workshops, which was this year torn
down to make way for a new building. On the
easterly gable of the building were two small win-
dows, which, together, resembled somewhat a pair
of spectacles. This house, when the Independent
wes printed there, belonged to an odd genius, named
Latimer, a shoemaker, whose conceit this spectacular
THE PRESS.
91
gable-end attic was. The Independent was soon fol-
lowed, in the same year, 1840, by the Bytown Gazette
and had for its editor, Dr. Christie, the first medical
man who had estaplished himself in Ottawa, and
who held the sometimes comfortable, if not import-
ant position of ‘ Clerk of the Court.” Dr. Christie
was succeeded in the editorial chair of the Gaz-tte by
Mr. W. F. Powell, who became, afterwards, . mem-
ber cf the Parliament of Canada for the Oounty
of Carleton, and now holds the distinguished posi-
tion of Sheriff of that county. The paper after-
wards fell into the hands of Mr, Alexander Gibb, a
barrister of some note, and possessed of very congi-
derable ability as a writer, who edited and published
it for five years, when it was managed by Mr John
McLaren for a short time, and, ultimately falling
into the hands of Messrs. Healy and Yielding, the
latter gentleman becoming one of the members for
the city, possibly through its instrumentatity, it col-
lapsed.
In 1844 the Ottawa Advocate, pudlished by. Mr.
Dawson Kerr, the present proprietor and publisher
of the Volunteer Review, rnade its appearance, but it
did not stay long upon this gay and festive scene.
It was succeeded, in 1848, by the Packet, esta-
blished by Mr. Harris, who, soon afterwards, sold it
io Mr, Henry J. Friel, afterwards Mayor of Ottawa,
a man of excellent understanding, like Dr. Christie
‘(a Clerk ef the Ccurt,” atid who died very unex-
pectedly, and much regretted, two years xgo, while
99 : ‘THE PRESS.
holding the position of Mayor, when he received
the honors of a public funeral.
The Citizen also appeared in 1848, Mr. J. G.
Bell being its proprietor. It soon, however, passed
into the hands of Mr. Robert Bell, a gentleman of
good education, of very considerable talent, and to
whose enterprise and energy, the railroad
connecting the Ottawa and St. Lawrence is
principally due, and who renresented the County of
Russel), in the Parliament of Canada, for several
years. To-day it is the property of a newspaper
man by profession, Mr. I. B. Taylor, who holds also
the position of Parliamentary Printer, and with
whom it seems to be aliovether a success. Myr. F.
W. C, Iidgeway is the managing editor.
In this same year the Monarchist made its ap-
pearance, the publisher and editor being the Mr.
Powell already alluded to, who shortly afterwards
sold it to Mr. H. J. Friel, who changed its name to
that of The Union, in 1854.
In 1852 The Orange Lily. edited by Mr. W. P.
Lett, the present talented City Cierk, a poet of no
mean account : was established by that indefatigable
newspaper publisher, Mr. Dawson Kerr, who, in
1854, himself edited and published The Railway
Times, into which The Orange Lily had su’ . ded.
The first newspaper, in the French language,
published in Ottawa, appeared in 1856, and was
named Le Progrés. It was cleverly edited by Mr.
A. L. Malhio
THE PRESS. 93
In 1857 The Canada Military Gazette was esta
blished, but by whom we have not ascertained,
The Banner saw the light in 1858, It was the pro-
perty of Mr. Andrew Wilson, a gentleman of very
considerable enterprise and indisputable perseve-
tance, who afterwards, in 1864, changed its name to
the Daily News, which still exists under the same
proprietorship, being cleverly edited by one of his
sons, Mr. — Wilson. The Daily News is. indeed,
quite . family affair. The head of the family looks
after the business of the concern, and his sons and
daughters edit and print the paper. The business
of Mr. Wilson, it is almost unnecessary to say, has
been eminently successful.
The Tribune, which appeared in 1860, was sold
by Mr. Burke, to Messrs. O’Counor and Friel, who,
having made it the organ of the Roman Catholic
Bishop of the Diocese, Monseigneur Guigues, it was
most ably conducted and edited by the Revd. Dr,
O'Connor, His Lordship’s secretary.
Le Courrier d’ Ottawa made its appearance in
1861 and was the proper’y of Dr. J. E. Dorion, who
consented to its fusion with L’Union, a Fren ‘
newspaper published in Ogdensburg, in the Siate c1
New York, the publication of which was suspended
in 1866, to be followed by Le Soleil, which was
eclipsed completely after a short lived existence of
only a few days.
_ In 1870 the Ottawa Courrier again gave signs of
life. It was, indeed, resuscitated in French and
English, the French name being Le Courrier d’Ou-
04 THE PRESS,
taowaiz. The management devolved upon Mr. Na-
poleon Bureau, a practical printer and it was pub-
lished by Mr. James Cotton, the then Menaging Di-
recio: of THE Times Publishing Company, the
English -editorials being written by Mr. Charies
Roger, and the French by Mr, Gustave Smith. The
paper was ultimately altogether printed in French,
and the sole editorsLip was entrusted to Dr. J. E.
Dorion, a gentleman of good acquiremerts, and a
very graphic and pleasing writer. Dr. Dorion is
still editer.
The Times was established in 1865, by Mr.
James Cotton, whe made it the organ of the Admi-
nistration, It was first edited by Mr. Davis, a gen-
tieman of rare scholastic acquirements, and, after-
wards in succession by Mr. Robertson, at present the
able editor of the Canadian LIllustraiea News ; by Mr.
Walsh, a gentleman of good attainments. from Nova
Scotia; by Mr. Speight, who, while connected
with the Montreal Gazette, was unfortunately
drowned in the Lachine Rapids, last summer; by
Mr. Charles Roger, the authcr of this “ Brief is-
tory ;” and now by Mr. W. T. Urquhart, a schoiar,
journalist, and poet, while the newspaper mazuage-
ment is held by Mr. James Bailiff. This newspaper,
has, without doubt, the present largest circulation
of any printed in this locality.
The Paily Post was established in 1867 by Mr.
Jones, now a bookseller in Ottawa. Mr. Jones] was
himself the editorial manager, and the writings
were at once humorous and powerful. It was a
journal conducted with great ability, but being in
THE FRESS. 95
opposition, had nething to feed upon, and soon per- ..
ished.
Le Canada was published under the preprietor-
ship of Mr. Duvernay, from 1866 to 1870. It was
edited by several “journalists,” distinguished for
their attainments now as then ; bet gave way to the
Courrier in the latter year. -
The Evening Mail and Free Press eppeared sim-
ultaneously in the spring of 1870. The Mail was an
out and out opposition paper, and being ably con-
ducted by Messrs. Moss, Ryan, and Gilbert, soon
attracted attention. Its success, for some time,
seemed assured. Want ofmeans, however, and an
absence of real sympathy with its political utter-
ances, caused it to change hands and character, and
in its new character it now appears as a evening
edition of The Times under the auspices of ‘The
TIMES Pubiishing Company.
The Free Press is managed, printed, and pub-
lished, by Messrs. Mitchell & Carrier, and is edited
by Mr. Marshall, who writes well and ably upon all
matters which he undertakes to handle. It is an
evening paper and appears to be doing well in a
business point of view.
The Volunteer Review, a journal devoted exclu-
sive:y to news connected with the “ Army of Cana-
da” is published by Mr. Dawson Kerr, and has exis-
ted since 18—
There are some minor publications—The Satur-
day Review was one of them, and it was ably writ-
ten— which may still exist, but the above comprises
96 THE PRESS.
a tull, though brief, record of newspaper enterprise
in Ottawa. The time is, of course, not distant when
it will be of greater magnitude, but it is even now
coasiderable, when taken in connection with the
fact that the first newspaper in Bytown only ap-
peared in 1840.
CHAPTER VII.
The First Settlement of Lower Town—The Lumber Trade—Report of the
Minister of Public Works—Slides and Boom Stations on the Ottawa
River and its Tributaries—Le Breton’s Flats—The Chaudiere—Messrs.
Bronson & Weston—Mr, A; H, Baldwin—Mr. J.R. Booth—Mr, E. B.
¢ Eddy—Messrs. Perley & Pattee—Mr. Levi Young—Messrs. Wright,
Batson & Currier—Messrs. Gilmour & Co—Messrs, Hamilton & Co., &e.
The Lower Town of Ottawa, themost densely ‘*
peopled part of the city, tc the northward of York
street, is almost entirely occupied by a French
speaking population, The bulk of the people seem to
have come hither originally as raftsmen, and the
others, the tavern-keeper and physician, the shoe-
maker, the butcher, and the baker, seem to have
followed to supply their wants. It was the raft even
mote than the canal, which first peopled that ori-
ginally great marsh on which Church, St. Patrick,
Olarence, and other streets, now stand, and the vast
lumbering establishments of the Chaudiére at which
the reader will, bye aud bye, glance, suggests a few
words on the continuance of lumbering in the Do-
minion. ‘The timber of this country and of the
Ottawa Valley, it has been alleged, will soon be ex-
hausted. If, say some persons, the ground upon
which the Oity ef Ottawa now rests, was a wilder-
ness to such an extent that, in 1834, a deer was shot
where the Bank of Montreal now stands, and snipe
were killed, by the sportsman, in Wellington street,
18
PAE MEAL Boe ea PO
98 KIRST SETTLEMENT OF LOWER TOWN.
in a small clearance, little better than a marsh, it
may be inferred that the continued increase in the
quantities of timber yearly manufactured on the
tributaries of the Ottawa, and exported to England,
must soon have the effect of denuding the country
of trees altogether, if those of the orchard be ex-
cepted. Pleasing delusion! Look at those hills to
the northward. See the yet unbroken forest, for
thousands of square miles, and say what can man
do in a thousand years, with his axe and stump ex-
tractor in extirpating that? Impenetrable, iuac-
cessible, wild, and distant, it seems as likely to be
placed under the harrow in a century, as does the
snow-clad summit of Loch-Na-Gar. Centuries, indeed,
will elapse before the railway penetrates in that di-
rection, and, until it does, timber to be floated down
rivers ouly navigable in spring for cribs or single
sticks, will be found in plenty for home consump-
tion as for exportation. The lumberman will only
go further back, creeping up gradually towards
the North Pole, but the farm-settler will surely
finally stop in his northerly journey, where nature
must inforra him he can no further profitably go,
and so wil! the forest be permitted to stand up in
North America as in Norway for centuries after the
alluvial districts of the country have been cultivated
and are even densely settled.
A recent writer, Mr. Urquhart, tells us that
during the past few years over 80,000,000 cubic feet
of timber have been cut down in the forests of
Canada, $13,000,000 worth of which was exported to
THE LUMBER TRADE, 99
Europe und the United States; Great Britain alone
taking $8,000,000 worth; that 16,000 men are em-
ployed in the forests; 10,000 men in saw and
planing mills ; that 1,200 ships are annually required
to carry off square timber, deals, and staves, to the
United Kingdom ; affording employment to 17,000
seamen; and that, everything considered. the pro-
ductions of the forest afford employment for 50,000
men annually. This is, therefore, a branch of in-
dustry, which it is to be hoped wil! not speedily die
out. But if it did, the cultivated lands, of almost
incredible extent, finding a market throngh the
Valleys of the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa, in
England and elsewhere and the coal fields of the
Saskatchewan for home use, would find ample em-
ployment for thrice the number of men and ships
that are now fed upon the forests of this Dominion.
The settlement of the country will improve, not
retard, trade ; and every improvement that the Go-
vernment may make on the Ottawa and its tribu-
taries will have the effect of increasing not only the
population but the amount and value of imports
and exports.
From a valuable little work on the Lumber
Trade of the Ottawa Valley, the iollowing extracts
are taken.
Many improvements have been made of iate
years by the Government, in the navigation of the
Ottawa and its tributaries, by the construction of
slides and booms to facilitate the passage of timber
past the frequent rapids and falls, and the following
list of such works, taken from the last Report of the
100 THE LUMBER TRADE,
Minister of Public Works, may not be uninteresting
in this place :—
THE OTTAWA DISTRICT.
The Government works connected with the de-
scent of timber in this district are on the following
rivers :—-On the Ottawa, main river, 11 stations ; on
the Gatineau, 1; on the Madawaska, 15;.on the
Coulonge, 1; on the Black, 1; on the Petewawa, 31
on the Riviére du Moine, 11.
LIST OF SLIDE AND BOOM STATIONS ON THE OT-—
i TAWA RIVER.
The distances given are measured on the latest
ant maps, following the channel through which lumber
is floate.| down the river:
Distance from mouth of
Naines of Stations Ottawa, at Ste. Anne.
Hi Corillonc .icitiieid ene BE aes:
2, Chaudiére (north side, Hull,
south side, Ottawa............. .. 98 E
8. Chaudiére (Little).............4......100 Bet
LS AROROUE dirs vawiosdestedhisi st sEnue 4
5. Deschénes Rapids.................5. 104%”
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THE LUMBER TRADE. 101
The works at these twelve stations consist of:—
2,000 lineal feet of canal; 3,834 do. slides; 29,855
do. booms; 346 do. bulkheads; 1,981 do. bridges;
52 piers; 3 slide keepers’ houses, and 3 store houses.
The necessity for the construction of dams at
certain additional points on the Ottawa, so us to afford
the means whereby a more abundant supply of
water can be obtained for use in the slides, is again
urged by parties interested. Tle lumber trade of
this district has now attained such increased pro-
portions that the work on which the supply of
water to the slides is dependent, which answered
their purpose tolerably well while the trade was in
its infancy, have become inadequate to perform the
services required, the result being that during dry
seasons the passage of timber through the slides is
difficult, owing to the scarcity of water. His Excel-
lency the Governor General was pleased, by Order
in Council, dated the 18th May, 1870, to autherize
the incorporation by patent of the “ Ottawa im-
provement Company,” a society formed for the pur-
pose of effecting improvements on the upper waters
of the River Ottawa, to facilitate the descent of tim-
ber, the Company binding itself to adhere to certain
specified conditions.
‘GATINEAU RiveR.—lIn ascending the (ttawa,
the Gatineau is the first tributary possessing Go-
vernment works.
These works are all at one station, about one
mile from its confluence with the Ottawa. They
consist of :—3,071 lineal feet of canal; 4,138 do.
RAS: Soe eee ears
102 THE LUMBER TRADE.
~
booms; 52 do, bridge; 10 piers; and one slide-
keeper’s house.
Mapawaska RiveR.—The Madawaska is the
second tributary in ascending the Ottawa, on which
the Government has provided works for the descent
of lumber.
_ List of the names of slide and boom stations
on the Madawaska, numbered from the mouth of
the river, upwards :—1 Mouth of river. 2 Arnprior.
3 Flat Rapids. 4 Balmer’s Island. 5 Burnstown.
6 Long Rapids. 7 Springtown. 8 Calabogie Lake.
9 High Falls. 10 Ragged Chute. 11 Boniface
Rapids. 12 Duck’s Island. 13 Bailey’s Chute. 14
Chain Rapic.. 15 Opeongo Creek.
The wo ks at these stations consist of :—1,750
lineal feet of slides, 18,179 do. booms, 4,080 do. dams
182 do. bridges, 48 piers, 1 slide keeper’s house, and
1 work shop.
The slide at High Falls sustained considerable
damage in the spring of 1870, in consequence of the
unprecedented height of the river, the water of
which passing over the Nagle dam, caused a breach
in that work, through which the debris, mingled
with large quantities of logs, escaped. This mass,
on coming in contact with the slide, tore down five
hundred feet of that structure. Efficient measures
were taken for the reconstruction of a portion of the
damaged work, so as to admit of the season’s lumber
being passed through. This accident and the gene-
rally decayed state of the siide, will, it is feared,
THE LUMBER TRADE. 103
necessitate its being entirely rebuilt before the be-
ginning of another season.
THE CouLONGE River.—The Coulonge is the
third tributary, in ascending the Ottawa, on which
the Government has placed slides and booms.
The following is a list of Government works on
this river :—Boom at the mouth 300 .eet ag, and
one support pier. Boom at Romain’s Rafting
ground, 400 feet long, and three support piers:
Boom at Head of High Falls Slide, 1,848 feet long,
and six support piers.
Buack RivER, — Ascending the Ottawa, the
Black River is the fourth tributary upon which
works have been placed.
The Works consist of : — 1,139 lineal feet of
single-stick booms. 873 lineal feet of slide. 346
feet of glance pier. 135 lineal feet of flat dam.
THE PETEWwAWA.—This is the fifth tributary in
ascending the Ottawa, upon which Government
slides and booms have been made.
) Seven miles from its mouth the Petewawa se-
parates into two branches, Ou these seven miles
there are five stations; on the north branch there
is eighteen stations, and, on the south branch, eight
stations.
List of the slides and booms on this river, in
the order in which they occur, from the mouth up-
wards :—1 Mouth of river. 2 First Chute: 3.
Second Chute. 4 Third Chute, 4 Boisdur.
NortH BraNcoH.—1. Half-mile Rapid. 2. Crook-
ed Chute. 3. Between High Falls and Lake Tra-
104 THE LUMBER TRADE.
verse [a slide and a series of dams and booms]. 4.
Thompson's Rapids, 5. Sawyer’s Rapids. 6. Meno
Rapids. 7. Below Trout Lake. 8. Strong Eddy.
9, Cedar Islands. 10. Foot of Devil's Chute. 11.
Devil’s Chute. 12. Elbow of Rapids, 18. Foot of
Sault. 14. Middle of Long Sault. 15. Head of
Long Sault, 16. Between Long Sault and Cedar
Lake (south shore). 17, Between Long Sault and
Cedar Lake (north shore), 18. Cedar Lake.
SoutH BrANcH.—1. First slide. 2. Second slide,
8. Third slide. 4. Fourth slide. 5. Fifth slide. 6,
Sixth slide. 7. Seventh slide. 8. Eighth slide.
The works at these 31 stations are as follows :—
ON THE MAIN RIvVER.—2,363 lineal feet of
slides, 8,469 lineal feet of booms, 2,077 lineal feet of
dams, and 7 piers.
On tHE NortH BRANCH.—380 lineal feet of
slides, 2,671 lineal feet of booms, 1,131 lineal feet of
danas, and 23 piers.
On THE SoutH BrancH.—2,134 lineal feet of
slides, 388 lineal feet of dams.
RivigRE DY Moing.—The sixth and last tribu-
tary of the Ottawa upon which the Government
works have been executed is the “ Du Moine.” The
length of this river is about 120 miles, and it drains
an area of about 1,600 square miles. It flows into
the Ottawa from a northerly direction at a point
about 256 miles above Ste. Anne. The works on
this river, consists of a pier and retaining boom at
its mouth, a single stick slide, and a series of flat
dams from the mouth upward. They may be de-
THE LUMBER TRADE. 106
tailed as follows, viz :—300 lineal feet of slide, 800
lineal feet of booms, 1,324 dams, and 6 piers.
From this extract it will be evident to all that
the Government have been at great expense already
in developing the Ottawa and its tributaries, and
that still further improvements are intended by a
Company which will render this natural highway
to the Sea, still more valuable to the lumber trade of
Canada, We will conclude this division of our
subject by another little extrac’ from Mr. Langevin’s
report showing the quantity of timber which passed
down the Ottawa, during a year, from July, 1869 to
July, 1870.
“ Through the Chandisre Slide from Upper Ot-
tavva country there passed the following products of
the forest :
18,851 cribs of square timber contain-
ing 300,689 pieces.
196 ” of deals.
81 ” of flatted timber.
- Total 18,628
Through Hull slides from the Upper Ottawa :—
213,143 saw-logs.
2, 300 pieces of flatted timber.
Through the Gatineau booms and other works :—
496,099 sawlogs.
7,002 pieces of square timber.
1,124 » ” flatted timber.
1,128 * ” round cedars.
which does not include the vast quantities of
sawlogs brought down to supply the Chaudiére
Mills.”
id
THE LUMBER i,
106 THE LUMBER TRADE
Jrossing Pooley’s Bridge, named after the con-
structor of the first bridge over what is termed
‘The Gully,’ one of the outlets of Lake Ohaudiére—
Lieutenant Pooley, of the Royal Engineers,—is a
level tract of land called “Le Breton’s Flats,” or
more ordinarily “The Flats.” These “ Flats” are
occupied by a particular population, the employees
chiefly of the immense manufacturing establish-
ments of the Chaudiére. There are some very fine
private residences, however, of stone, and some
good sheps, or stores. The “ Flats,” indeed, are al-
most a distinct town. The stir is greater than in
any other section of Ottawa, and the movements 0
vehicles, laden with manufactures, is continuous.
This level tract of land is surrounded by immense
piles of deals, intersected by tramways, and two
railways have termini on its western border—the
Canada Central, and the Ottawa & St. Lawrence.
On the north side of this part of the city are those
large manufacturing establishments which ccntri-
bute so much to the wealth of the locality, Some
of these establishments it is now necessary to de-
scribe, and, in doing so, we unhesitatingly take ad-
vantage of the writings of others, believing that
‘here is little more to be said than has been already
vitten by the contributors to Messrs. Hunter &
ose’s Directory and by the author of “ The Lum-
ber Trade of the Ottawa Valley.”
Messrs. Bronsons & Weston established them-
selves in 1853, and were the first to take up land at
the Chandiére for the purpose of establishing a saw
mill on a large scale.
THE LUMBER TRADE. 1 O07
They are now proprietors of two large saw
mills, a carding and grist-mill, lath and splitting
mills, and own a large tract of land used as a piling
ground—the whole premises extending from near
the wooden bridge to the point of the island. They
get out annually about 175,000 logs, producing be-
tween:30 and 40 million feet of lumber, cf which
from 5 to 10 million are always kept on hand.
The Jarge mill contains 2 stock gangs, of 30 to
40 saws; 2 slabber gangs, 14 to 16.saws; 2 Yankee
gates, 82 saws; 1 single saw ; with the necessary
butting and edging saws. The smaller mill con-
tains 1 slabber gate, 1 stock gate, and butting and
edging saws.
The wheels employed are Rose’s improved and
the Lamb wheel.
The lath mill conta’us two gangs for sawing
laths, 5 or 6 saws each; a butting apparatus and
picket saw; and a splitting mill for slabs; and pro-
duces 10 millions of laths.
In addition to their saw mills, this firm have an
extensive grist and carding mill They employ for
six months of the year, in shipping the productions
of these mills, 26 barges with 5 men each, 4 steam-
boats, 9 men each ; in all 222 men.
It requires $3,000 to pay the weekly wages of
the employees of this establishment.
Mr. A. H. Baldwin commenced business here
in 18538 and owns ‘two saw mills, a machine and
blacksmith shop, and a ship yard for building barges.
He gets out annually about 125,000 logs,
° ’
108 THE LUMBER TRADE.
making 25,009,000 feet of lumber, and employs in
the larger mill 1 ‘arge slabber, 24 saws, 1 stock
gang, 40 saws, 2 Yankee gates, 32 saws each, and 2
butting and edging tables ; in the smaller mill there
are 2 Yankee gates, 1 edger, and 1 butter. The
wheels employed are Rose’s improved.
He also owns 14 barges, 2 steam tues. and one
steam barge, manned by 80 men, and «:ves employ-
ment throughout the year to about 400 men.
Ths ship yard, which has been in operation for
about four years has turned out 16 barges and one
steam barge, whose engines were made in ihe ma-
chine shop, owned by Mr. Baldwin, and e1zaploys 12
to15 men. Mr. Baldwin sawed and shipped the
first lumber for the American market, from the
Chendicre, and in company with Messrs. Harris,
Bronson & Co., brought <he first logs down the
Ottawa from the Des Joachims, and also brought
down the first logs above that point.
Mr. J. R. Booth first established business at the
Chaudisre in the year 1858 by the manufacture of
laths, and now carries on extensive operations in
sawing pine lumber, His mills are situated on the
south shore of the Ottawa, just below the falls, and
manufactnre annually from 26 to 30 million feet of
pine. lumber, of which 12 to 15 million feet are
always on hand on his piling grounds, which cover
a space of about 10 acres of land.
These mills are fitted with. gang and circular
saws as follows:
Three gangs containing 40 saws; 38 slabber
gangs containing 18 to 20 saws; 1 Yankee gate :
THE LUMBBR TRADE. 109
e
taining 36. saws; 1 large circular saw for dimension
timber; and alarge number of cirenlar saws for
butting and edging.
The power employed is derived from the waters
of the Chaudieére, assisted by 14 Rose’s improved
water wheels, 2 fer each gate, and upright and
central discharge wheels.
_ This establishment gives employment, in the
winter time, in the woods to about 850 men, and 800
teams, and in the summer time at the mills to 4v)
men and 40 teams.
My. Booth gets out 3 or 4 rafts of square timber
in the season.
Mr. E. B. Eddy carries on the largest busiaess
in the manufacture of the products from our forests,
on this continent, converting the timber of his enor-
mous estates into every description of useful article
from saw logs and lumber to wooden ware and
lucifer matches.
The business was first established in 1854, when
Mr. Eady commenced his operations in this section
of the country, manufacturing matches; and such
are the resources of the valley of the Otiawa, and
the immense advantage. of the water power of the
Chaudiére, that be, with the characteristic eneggyg of
his race, has been enabled to build up Pa,
a gigantic scale, the productions of which are of vast
utility to the people of this continent.
We give here the annual prodactions of these
mills, and will speak more fully of the processes of
manufacture hereafter,
110 THE LUMBER TRADE.
Eddy’s mills and piling grounds cover a large
tract of land on the north shore of the Ottawa, at
the Chaudiére falls, and extend from above the fells
to the island opposite the Parliaraent buildings.
They consist of one large Pail Factory, puilt solidly
of stone ; a Match Factory, also of stone; four saw
mills of great extent, built principally of wood, and
numerous other buildings, offices, &c., necessary to
such extensive operations, including a sash, door,
and blind factory, and a general store.
In addition to these mills, Mr. Eddy has builta
double track railway of over a mile in length which
runs from his mills to the further extremity of his
piling grounds, and enables him to distribute and
pile the enormous amount of lumber produced, ex-
peditiously. :
_ “hese mills manufacture annually about 40
million feet of pine lumber, of which there are
always from 8 to 10 million feet cn the piling grounds,
They also manufacture annually 600,000 pails, 45,-
066 wash tubs, 72,000 zinc ‘vash boards, and 270,000
gross of matches, besides the productions of the
sash, door, and blind factory.
The saw mil.s are fitted with gang and circular
saws of all kinds and sizes, and the whole establish-
gives employment to from seventeen to
eighteen hundred persons, many of whom are girls
employed in the manufacture of matches. In addi-
tion to these there are about four or five hundred
men employed in the woods, where Mr. Eddy owns
“ limits”—a tract of land of about 500 square miles
THE LUMBER TRADE. 111
in extent, the greater part of which is forest, but
there are also some cultivated lands, and a growing
village called Fort Eddy.
The force employed in driving the mills, is de-
rived frei the unlimited water power of the Ottawa,
assisted by mechanical agencies of modern inven-
tion, and is equal to about 600 horse power.
The Match Factory, the most extensive of its
kind in Canada, consists of a range of buildings con-
taining two machine rooms, two dipping rooms, two
large packing rooms, a warehouse and shipping
office, besides engine house, anc drying rooms. It
is built on the North side of the Chaudiere Fails,
and the machinery is worked by water power.
There are few who possess any knowledge concern-
ing the making of matches. These useful articles
are here manufactured in inconceivable quantity.
The process of their production is a most ingenious
one, and can be carried on with great rapidity. The
factory, of course, is occupied by machinery which
now-a-days performs its part sc extensively in every
stage of inechanical labor. Mr. Eddy employs about
a hundred men, boys and girls the whole year round,
Many people who use these matches doubtless have
wondered how so great a number can be given for
so small asum; but when the process of their manu-
facture comes to be briefly explained, the reason will
probably be understood. The business is conducted
in two buildings. In one department of the factory
proper is a bench contuining a series of saws, the
work of which is to cut to a proper length and
grocye the boards intended for the boxes, that hold
ister. stempapsticnecesereie pe ee a ET na eave
tense nttheatbehmem ec aleaoehanecnnteamnnien
ee Se
st i
112 THE LUMBER TRADE.
each, a quarter of a gross of matches. These boards
are cult and grooved with astonishing rapidity, and
are fitted in their places with equal speed ; so that
no fewer than fifteen hundred boxes can be turned
out in the course of a day. In one part of the fac-
tory is a powerful machine for prepariug wood to
be formed into matches. A log is cut up by a cir-
cular saw ; the boards are then pushed under a
planing machine, where they are planed to a pro-
per thickness. Another set of saws are next brought
into requisition, which cut the boards into blocks of
the required length. The breadth of these blocks
does not require to be uniform so long as they are all
mated, as each pair of blocks as they are placed in
the machine together, must be precisely of a size.
These blocks are now carried into’a room in which
are three telegraph match machines. They split the
blocks into the size of the match in the following
manner: a mould of steel is fitted into the back of
an iron bed, so that it projects slightly, but corres-
ponds te the depth of the block of wood. This
mould has running lengthwise through it a series of
holes, the size of the match in thickness; each hole
alternates with a very small chisel. The wood is
placed within a holder leading across ‘to the mould,
The machine is then started; the wood lying upon
its flat side is forced against the mould end wise, and
the matches are forced through horizontal grooves in
the iron, the one propelling the other into a rack
placed in its proper position by a boy who takes it
when full, arsi presses down the rack by a machine
THE LUMBER TRADE. 113
until the matches are all firmly lield within it, These
racks are placed in boxes and carried across the street
to a building where ‘they are dipped in a vessel of
boiling sulphur, and afterwards into a preparation of
phosphorous. When dried they are shaken upon a
bench; a little girl takes them by the handful, and
packs them into boxes. There are engaged in box-
ing the matches about twenty-five girls, who earn
at it very respectable wages. The rapidity with
which the process is performed is wonderful, for as
many as thirteen of these boxes can be closely filled
and covered by one person ina minute. The estab-
lishment employs a number of men, and a great
many boys and girls, and can turn out about 500
gross per day, that is to say 2,000 boxes. The fac-
tory, by the employment it affords, is of much
benefit to the city.
The pail factory is a large stone building of three
stories high near the principal saw mill, where pails
are manufactured at the raté of 2,000 pails and 150
wash tubs perdiem. Every partis made by beautiful
machinery. Inone room the staves are sawn into regu-
lar:sizes, in another the bottoms and hoops are manu-
factured; in another the handles are twrned. and in
another the various parts are joined together, planed
and finished.
The pails are then taken to the painting room,
where they are painted and grained by patent India
rubber rollers. They are then finished off and fitted
with handles, after which they are packed in hay
and made ready for shipment,
The Saw Mills, which are four in number and
15
114 THE LUMBER TRADE.
of great extent, contain every description ‘of ygang
and circular saws, numbering in all 248 saws: The
capacity of the em mills is equal to, the sawing of
200,000 logs per annum.
Perley & Pattée established’ themselves: in’ the
year 1857, and have very; extensive / mills on .the
Chaudiere Falls, with large piling grounds, through
a portion of which are laid:lines of rail for distribut-
ing, piling, and shipping the 'iumber.. They get out
annually about 150,000 logs ;.producing 30 to 40
million feet of pine lumber. . They” employ ‘a, large
number of men through: the. year ;. on an average
over 860. Their mills are furnished:with 2slabbing
gangs of 20 saws each ;:2 stock gangs of 40 saws each ; /
2 Yankee gates of $2 saws each; 1 single gate) and.1 re.’
sawing gate, with the usual complement:of. circular
saws for butting and edging.. The wheels employed
are Rose’s improved,:1 pair. to\each gate’ ; and.centre
discharge for circular saws. This ‘firm: get out 500,-
000 feet of square timber per annum, making: alto-
gether about six rafts:
Levi Young, first, established his, Wastin 38 at: the
Chaudiere.in 1854, and’ owns: one saw.mill, getting
out and sawing, about’ 100,000)-tons in:the year, pro-
ducing about 20,000,000 feet of pine’ timber, — He:
employs one slabbing gate of 40 saws’; one stock
gate of 40 saws ; one Yankee gate of 32 saws, and
the necessary edging and butting saws... The whezls
employed are Rose’s improved,.1. pair to each gate:
In addition to this Captain Young: gets out annually
about three rafts of square timber, employing through
the year from four to five hundred men. = |
THE LUMBER TRADE.
116
Wright, Batson & Currier’s Steam Mill is situ-
ated in the Village of Hull, (P. Q.), with 24 acres of
land attached and enclosed, and with excellent piling
grounds and shipping docks adjacent. The mills
eontain fiye gang saws, one large circular saw for
cutting building timber, also saws for cutting laths,
clapboards, &c. The capacity of these mills from
May 1st to December Ist, is thirty million feet ; the
quantity usually cut averaging from sixteen to
twenty-five millions. The timber limits belonging
to this firm are situated on the river Madawaska,
and are six in number, containing in all 275 square
miles. There are three farms on the limits, well
stocked with cattle and provided with convenient
buildings, offices, &c. The main depotis at Griffith,
Renfrew, where there is a Post Office, also a general
store, blacksmith and carpenter shops, &c.
The average number of men employed all the
year round ranges from 250 to 300 exclusive of those
employed in freighting lumber away.
The Gatineau Mills, belonging to Messrs, Gil-
mour & Co., are situated at the village of Chelsea,
about eight miles from the city of Ottawa arn nine
miles from the junction of the Gatineau with the
Ottawa river. The scenery above and below the
mills js exceedingly romantic and beautiful—four
or five rapids and cascades, and sloping banks to th®
water's edge, covered with trees and foliage, render
this portion of the river most picturesque and charm-
ing. The mills are situated on the south bank of the
Gatineau above the high falls, and are surround-
1 16 THE LUMBER TRADS#,
ed by a series of booms and works of great magni-
tude, upon which immense sums have been expended.
The whole of the saw-logs which descend the Gati-
neau are caugat in these booms, and a very faint
idea can be conveyed to a stranger of the immense
amount of skill required to separate those belonging
to the Gatineau Mills from those belonging to differ-
ent manufacturers below.
During the summer this point of the river pre-
sents a scene of bustle and animation of the most ex-
traordinary kind, and as the firm employs literally
an army of workmen, the scene can be better ima-
gined than described.
Below the booms, the worst point of the river
has to be encountered by the logs descending the
stream, and it is frequently enlivened by the appear-
ance of perfect islands of stranded timber, technically
called jams, and the efforts of the owners to set them
afloat exhibit scenes of daring and endurance seldom
witnessed elsewhere.
The mills belonging to Messrs. Gilmour & Oo.,
consist of two large substantial buildings, and a
smaller mill for preparing lumber for the American
market, and they were commenced about thirty
yearsago. The water power used is equal to about
five hundred horse power. There are 13 saw gates
containing about 220 saws; and twenty edging,
butting and re-sawing circular saws. These mills
will manufacture 230,000 feet, board measure, in
eleven hours, or about 85 millions of feet per season.
About one-third ofthis lumber is cut for the Quebec
THE LUMBER TRADE, 1 17
market, and the balance for the United States. At-
tached to the mills there are about three miles of
wooden canal for conveying the sawn lumber to the
piling grounds. Messrs. Gilmour & Oo. possess tim-
ber limits to the extent of 1,700 square miles, whence
they obtain the requisite number of saw-logs to sup-
ply these extensive worls, and 1,000 men receive
employment from them during winter and 500 in
summer, including lumbermen, farmers, surveyors,
&c., &c. They also employ 250 spans of horses and
80 yokes of oxen ; and during each season they con-
sume 40,000 bushels of oats, 690 tons of hay, 1,500
barrels of pork, and 3,000 barrels of flor, besides
large quantities of clothing, boots, shoes, tea, tobacco,
blankets, &c., &c., &c. These mills are amongst the
most celebrated in the country, not only for the ro-
mantic beauty of the sur.ounding scenery, but for
the perfection of the machinery employed and the
order and good management exhibited throughout
them.
We must not omit to mention that upon their
timber limits this firm has no less than nine farms
comprising in all about 1,500 acres ; the land is ex-
cellent; as much as fifty bushels of wheat to the
tere having been raised some seasons. Of course
this is above the average, but the yield is generally
excellent. The whole of the produce of these farms
is consumed by the employees of the firm. On the
banks of the river Gatineau they have four principal
depots, from which supplies are sent to the lumber-
men at work in the woods. One of these is distant
upwards of 200 miles from Ottawa. This firm pays
| 18 THE LUMBER TRADE,
from $275,000 to $380,000 in wages annually. Mr.
Mather is, and has been for some years the Manager
of the Gatineau Mills.
The mills and limits formerly owned by Messrs.
Thomson & Co., Buckingham, are now the property
of Messrs. Le Moyne, Gibb & Co. One of the part-
ners, Mr. McPherson LeMoyne resides at Buck-
ingham, and personally superintends the whole
business ; he was also the managing partner in the
late firm of Thompson & Co.
These Mills are situated onthe river Dv Lievre,
about four miles back from the Ottawa river, and in
conjunction with the mills belonging to Messrs, Jas.
Maclaren & Co., on the opposite side of the river,
have control of one of the finest water powers in
Oanada ; the falls are 70 feet in height, and the river
Lievre being very deep and supplied by many large
lakesin the north, there never is any scarcity of
water, even in the driest summers’ The timber
lands and limits on the west side of the Lievre are
held by LeMoyne, Gibb & Co., and those on the east
by James Maclaren & Co,
The mills, which are quite new, having just
been rebuilt, are of large size and fitted with every
modern improvement, to save labour and to do good
sawing; they have already cut up 125,000 logs be-
tween the 15th May and the 15th October. The
business done at present is about 200,000 logs a year,
which are sawn almost entirely mto 8-inch deals for
the Quebec market. A slide over two miles in length
“eonveys the timber from the mills to the Basin, where
THE LUMBER TRADE, 119
the thin lumber is taken out and piled, and the deals
are run into the water and rafted up into cribs,
All the logs sawed at these mills are made on the
tributaries of the River du Lievre, which drains an
immense extent of country. The two firms that
work on this river have, at their own expense, built
very expensive slides to pass their logs over different
falls, and also constructed many booms, piers, &c., at
different points, the Government never haying ex-
pended anything on the River du Lievre for im-
provements of any kind, though the public have for
very many years derived a large revenue from it.
Hamilton & Co., Hawkesbury Mills, is one of
the largest of the great milling establishments of the
Ottawa Valley. It is situated about 60 miles from
Ottawa city, on the south shore of the river, nes ine
head of the Grenville Rapids. There are included
in this establishment, four saw-mills, together with a
grist mill, with four runs of stone, for the production
of tiour for the use of the raftsmen, shantymen, and
other employées, as well as for the neighbouring far-
mers. The mills contain 101 vertical saws and 44
circular saws, driven by 72 water wheels, ond turn
out from 35,000,000 to 42,000,000 feet of lumber per
annum. About five hundred men and boys are em-
ployed constantly by the firm at Hawkesbury alone,
in summer. Some conception of the immense ex-
tent of the operations of this firm may be formed
when we say that more than 3,000 tons of agricul-
tural produce are consumed annually.
The Honourable John Hamilton resides at
THE LUMBER TRADE,
120
Hawkesbury ; and the whole village and establish-
ment bear evident signs of opulence and comfort.
The limits from which these mills obtain their
supply of timber are situated principally upon the
rivers Rouge, Gatineau, and Ju Moine. Messrs.
Hamilton & Co. bring down from their limits 200,-
000 logs, on an average, annually.
ia tit fh Ba ie oo¥ He Ar
CHAPTER VIII
@onelusion—Ottawa o Field for Immigration—Bouchette’s prediction of
Canada’s Futurs—Finis.
Ottawa, as the capital of a Dominion, the future
greatness of which it is almost impossible to predict,
was the original field on which emigration experi-
ments were made. It was to this section of country
that, after the peace of 1815, and after the gallant
army of England had achieved the long and san-
guinary, but glorious campaign, which terminated
in the memorable battle of Waterloo, hundreds of
officers and soldiers, crowned with honors, were sent
and had grants of lands conferred upon them as re-
wards for military services, these beiug followed
by other individuals, whose fortunes or circum-
stances had been impaired by the cessation of the
war. Here, indeed, that tide of immigration first
commenced to flow, which has added so wonderfally
to the political importance of Ontario, and to this
section of country emigration from England is being
again especially directed. The first systematic emi-
gration consisted of about 700 natives of Scotland,
who commenced the now flourishing settlement of
Perth; the next took place in 1818, whon another
emigration was effected from Perthshire in Scotland,
under the direction of Mr. Robertson, the settlement
16
1 9 ) BOUCHETTE.
being at Beckwith ; and in 1820 another emigration
of 1,100 persons tock place from Glasgow, and were
located in the townships of Lenark and Dalhousie.
Government granted to these people one hundred
acres of land to each head ofa family, and the eum
of £10 sterling to each individual emigrating. The
inducements to emigrants now are of another char-
acter—probable independence, convenient home
markets; all'the necessaries and most of the luxuries
of life within a few years after the first settlement in
the country, good roads, a free government, ample
protection to life and’ Nay lacget wealth to the few, and
happiness to all. ©
Bouchette, the historian, not of Canada oe
but of British America thus prophetically speaks,
concerning that consolidation of British interests in
Anierica, the almost’ complete’ realization of which
has made Ottawa what she is, and bespeaks for her a
future, the full extent of which can more reudily be
conceived than credited :—-
“Turning our eyes from Europe towards the
U tited States of America, to consider their position
with regard to our colonies i in the west. the political
weight that attaches to the latter as appendages to
Great Britain, strikes the mind with very great
force. The United Stateshave a seaboard frontier
exceeding 2,000 miles, and, although, its defence has
been a favorite object with the Government of the
Republic: the efficient attainment of that end must
be, and, indeed, we believe, has been found extreme-
ly perplexing and difficult. The United States,
however, have anothor frontier no less extensive and
far more vulnerable—it is the frontier on New
Brunswick and the Canadas ; three British Provinces
7 7 ~~ A
FUTURE OF CANAD. 1 93
which to use the words of an able writer, ‘hang
heavily on their flank and reer, and (extending the
remark to Nova Scotia) overhang and command
their coast.” Here the geographical position of the
British Dominion offers a powerful check to the
United States, dnd gives to England a guarantee.
against their commercial, maritime, and _ political
ascendancy. Let us, fora moment, suppose that the
Provinces are involved in the yast. American Con-
federacy, a°.d that, therefore, the mouth of the St.
Lawrence isin the keeping of American ships of war
and American forts. _The effects are obvious. The
whole egricultural wealth of the immense fertile
regions, drained by the St. Lawrence, would be
poured into the coffers of the Republic, the maritime
energies of the country would be more than quad-
rupled, its territorial aggrandizement would be almost
incalculable, and yet its chances, and means, of de-
fence be amazingly enhanced,° inasmuch as the ex-
tent of frontier would be diminished by about one-
half, and the practicability of its protection be aug-
mented in a proportionate degree. In the same
ratio that the power of the United States, would,
under such a supposition, be heightened, should the
maritime preponderance and the resources of Great
Britain be weakenud, and she would behold the
fairest portion of America in the hands of a riyal
nation, disposed, already, to measure its strength
with her in the contest for naval and commercial
superiority. But the supposition we have indulged
may, by some, and we apprehend with justice be
considered very speculative ; we have entertained
it, nevertheless with a view of pointing out a few
advantages that would be thrown into the opposite
scale, were the colonies ever to pass, by conquest
from their present allegiance, to another. Nature,
however, seems, in some respects, to have designed
things otherwise and casting a glance into futurity,
when at some after period the colonies shall have
grown into opulence and power, we dwell far more
r
_&§£
a3
4
|
124 FINIS,
upon this section of the empire, as forming a ccl-
lective and independent nation, than as sinking into
the American Oonfederacy, as an integral part of
their, even now, overgrown union. The St. Law~
rence presents to our mind the trunk ofa tree that
has no necessary affinity with the Unit>¢ States, and
seems destined to bear different fruit. It is the prop
of anew nation, the avenue to an independent em-
pire, the great highway ofarival, not a dependency ;
and, therefore, in our contempiation, when that day
arrives, which is to witness the British colonial
transatlantic dominions severed from the wgis of Bri-
tain’s protection, it will be to erect themselves into a
tree, independent, and Sovereign State, united with
the country that fostured them in their infancy, b
ties and treaties of permanent friendship and alli-
ance, calculated to perpetuate reciprocal commercial
benefits and consolidate their mutual power.”
THE END.
The following allusions to the Street Railway,
to the Market in York Street, and to the Protestant
» Cemetery having been omitted in the making up
from their proper places, are here inserted as
ADDENDA.
The Market Hall in York Street, is a spacious
building, suitable in every respect for the purposes
to which it is devoted; and the Public Schools are
quite a credit to the place, being spacious buildings
well adapted for teaching “ the young idea how to
shoot ;” and last, not least, there are good and com-
fortable burying places on Sandy Hill “where the
wicked cease from troubling, and the Weary are at
rest,”
in a corner of the Protestant Cemetery lie the |
rexnains of Reuben Traveller, who fought with
Nelson at the Nile. _
The following is the epitaph taken verbatim
from his tombstone :-—
REUBEN TRAVELLER,
4 NATIVE OF LONDON, ENGLAND,
Departed th's live Feb. 1, 1861
Aged 73 years.
sfpiesld ori
“When Nelson fonght at Trafalgar and fell,
This Ship Boy was afloat on nective service
*Mid lagging calms, li-ht breeses and stiff gales
Hymned Dihdin's songs and buffeted the waves —
Throughout the drama of a lengthened life
*Mid ocean waves that washes Ethiopian shores
As when he roughed it on northern seas :
While murdewus warfare waged in troubl’us times
"Ewas his to tell since hen in various climes
And various ways shared fiekle Fortune’s favors
Sinking ’mid quicksands. stranded upon roeks
By trade-winds borne - by Eastern scenery fed
Drenched by the spray of brea‘ers seen ahead.
Now! heedles: of currents winds, or tides
His watch and wards below waiting the whistle’s
Call to rig cat studsails, lower and aloft—
To range in grind review—
Time! then no more :
Worlds on wrlds tho witnesses of Christ the Lord ; ;
He onee despised, dispensing righteous judgment.”
Bohlen time tes
PA askew
ae ahs
iL
THE STREET RAILWAY. —
The great length of the streets of Ottawa and
the considerable space of ground within which the
city rests, early suggested the expediency of a street
railway. The streets, too, are very wide (some sixty
feet) and as a railway could but little affect or im-
pede ordinary traffic in them, its d.sirability became
quite obvious. The railway was, after various pre-
judices had been overcome, brought into operation,
two years ago, and has been essentially a success.
At only one or two points is it, in any sense, an im-
pediment. At the Sawpers’ Bridge, over the Rideau
Canal, the only m ‘/* of communication between
the Upper and Lowe «wn, theie is, occasionally,
at present, some inco. snience, but the proposed
new bridges will effectually clear the way of every
obstacle to a very cheap and convenient mode of
travelling between the Falls of the Chaudiére and
the Falls of the Rideau. Indeed, the conveniences
of this particular description of railway to the
public is so great, that it is to be hoped steps will
speedily be taken to increase its usefulness to extend
the rails to other streets. The fare is very moderate,
being only six cents for adults, and three cents for
boys and girls under twelve years of age, and
although the time may be, when man will fly, and
that railways will be superseded by some more ex-
cellent mode of locomotion, the more they are now
extended, in town and country, the better will it be
for those who earn their oread by the sweat of their
brows, and whowmust daily visit the Market House
on York street, until, at all events, men do ride on
the wings of the wind, at the rate of sixty miles an
hour, and road-steamers have driven horses into
pasture-fields to become food for men, as pigs, sheep,
and horned cattle now are.
ESTABLISHED 1888,
T. HUNTON, SON & Co.,
Importers of British and Foreign Dry Goods,
purchased in the best markets, have always on
hand the Largest and Choicest Stock in the City,
‘and as soon as they enter their new and elegant
premises, will produce a Stock of Novelties and
beauty unsurpassed in the Dominion. It is useless
to particularise. The Senior of the firm is
the oldest Dry Goods man in the city, and his son
and partner will not allow his name to run down.
‘Their. reputation has never been doubted, and we ad-
vise our Patrons to inspect their immense stock
before purchasing, feeling assured that they cannot
but be satisfied. Their stock of Carpets and House
Furnishings cannot be surpassed.
2h gain eatearinae nate arn ee ee
wtb
a
ne
KEARNS & RYAN
Importers. of
Hiapl ard fae | in oorls !
F[MIE ABOVE FIRM now oveupy: that old established: Honsey formerly
occupied by Messrs. CUNNINGHAM, BARCLAY & LINDSAY, and
have re-fitted it up in all ‘its departments, with. the’addition of a
Tattonine Deranrwenr,
And many modem: improvements—amongst which their Fancy painted
Show Windows stand out very prominent;
ae 2 f :
MESSRS, KEARNS & RYAN haye now: every facility for doing a first
elass trade, as they import their Goods .from-the best houses and. manu
‘factures:in the Old Country, and’select their own
GOODS ut the VERY LOWEST RATES in. the MARKET.
With such facilities and advantages, they cannot fail to make; their mark
in the mercantile world.
Allan, MeKinnons. . MeMoran,
SUCCESSORS TO GARLé. ND, MUTOHMOR & 00,
“No. 20 Sparks | Street,
Importers and Dea: ‘ers in British, tae and American
Staple and Haney Dry Goods,
Millinery ee Mantles,
CARPETS, AND HOUSE FURNISHINGS.
A large Assortment of CANADIAN MANUFACTURE3 always in Stock.
Senate soning nina di lmiggsnis: une!
EN pe AND & DRAPER,
' IMPORTE ns OF
FANCY AND STAPLE vl
Nos.9& 11 Sussex Street,
OTTAWA, Onr.
N. FAULKNER .
Bogs to call special attention to his stock of
Staple aml fan Ale foods
Millinery, Carpets, Oilcloths, ete, ete,,
And all the Leading Articles kept ina FIRST CLASS DRY GOODS’
ESTABLISHMENT.
First Class Milliners and Tailors:
on the Premises.
N. FAULKNER,
In McDougal's Block;.
SUSSEX STREST:
EUGENE MARTINEAU.
rp Coors, Readp-mnade Clothing
Boots, Shoes, Moceasins, Etc., Ete.
of best Quality and at Lowest Prices, at
EUGENE MARTINEAU’S,
Corner Sussex and Clarence Streets,
LowER Town.
REGENT HOUSER,
Sinclair, Stitt & Co.,
DEY GOODS,
Millinery, Maatles, Rid Gloves,
HOSIERY, &c., &eo.,
30, Sparks Street, Ottawa.
ES ti
tenn
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES.
ee,
Hon, P. MITCHELL, Minister, .
WILLIAM SMITH, Deputy,
W.. F. W HITCHER, Commissioner of Fisheries,
JOS. TOMLINSON, General Superintendent of Lighthouses, &e., and
ngineer,
J, U. GREGORY, Agent at Quebec.
JOHN H. HARDING, “St. John, N. B, |
H. W. JCANSTON, “ Halitax,'N. 8. ie
TRINITY HOUSE, MONTREAL. an
LOUIS MARCHAN D, Master, KE. D. DAVID, Registrar,
TRINITY HOUSE, QUEBEC.
VITAL TETU, Master, ALEX. LEMOINR, Secretary Treasurer.
DOMINION STEAMERS,
E,. GORDEAU, Commander Steamer v tae III.”
A. MARMEN
PA. RCOED, RM 8 Lady Head,”
BOARD OF STEAMBOAT INSPECTION,
SAMUEL RISLEY, Toronto, Chairman,
BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF MASTERS AND MATSE, Jee
Capt. P. A, SCOTT, R.N., Chairman. : .
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES, qa
Professor G. 1 KINGSTON. Toronto, Director,
17
ef aairdware. Saviware 8
24 Rideau Street
enero AG rcenanvecsreegein
A Completo Assortment of
Shelf & Beaby Bardwware
CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND AN D SUPPLIED
At Prices that cannot fail to give Satisfaction,
PAINTS of all Colours, “al OILS of all Sorts.
Class, Putty, &c., &c.
THOS. BIRKETT,
Sign of the Anvil. 24 Rideau Street.
Ottawa Advertising agency.
cy. 4. GIRIS ON,
General Advertising Agent,
Times Office, OTTAWA.
2 oe
Agent and Collector for the Following Papers:
Ottawa Times,
Evening Mail.
Courrier d’ Outaouais.
La Minerve, Montreal.
L’ Album dela Minerve.
La Semaine Agricole.
L’ Opinion Public.
La Gazette de Sorel.
L’ Divers Lilustré, §c., §¢.,
#aF Contracts made for Advertising in any of the abeye Papers.
DIRECT IMPORTATIONS
From Cognac, Oporto, Zeraz de la Frontena, and London,
—)
BRANDY—First Class Brands—Warrante1 Genulne—for Family or Hoilel
use.
PORT WINE-—-Old Vintages—(1951)—The only Old and Reliable Wine for
Family uso tn the city, and ordered by all the best Doctors in the City and
Country, and kept tor Me licinal purposes,
SHERRY WINE—Very Pale, Fine, Very Fine ant Extra—Onoe trial will
peed thir superior quality ovor the trashy kind in general use at higher
rates,
GIN, RUM, &c., SCOTCH WHISKEY—The Very best brands to be had.
DUBLIN PORTER—Put up to my own order, of the best brand.
ALES AND PORTER—Dawes’ Fine Pale Ale and Porter—tho bost tn the
Dominion—in good order.
COFFEE—The very fine flavored—Fresh Roasted and ground on tho pre-
mises— Universally used,
TERAS—BLACK—The finest grades im»orted into this Dominion—of all
rades and prices—Try them. JAPANS and GREEN—of tho best
rands—Sweet and Fresh,
SUGARS, SYRUPS, and FRUIT, always on hant.
FACTORY CHIEESH—Very Fine.
PICKLES, SAUCKHS, AND FLAVORING EXTRACT3S—The very bcst—
from Cross & Blackwell’s, London.
FANCY SOAPS AnpD CANDLES—from Fields, of London,
A LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT OF
GENERAL GROCERIES, WINES Aanp LIQUORS of the BEST BRANDS
Warranted Pure and Relivble. A short tims using them will prove the
quality over gommon goods in general use—Give them a Trial,
A CALL SOLICITED By \
THOS. PATTERSON,
26 RIDEAU STRUET.
Jc M. C. DELESDERNIERS,
General Commission Merchant,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Gers, Golfers, Choice Grorervies, Lrovisions,
Wines, Liquors, Fruits, Buiter and Cheese.
Corner of York and Sussex Streets. OTTAWA.
G&. B.ORENZ,
Wholesale Dealer in
All Kinds of Fresh WPish,
Lobsters, Oysters, §c.
27 Sussex Street. OTTAWA.
A. & 8. NORDHEIMER’S
Piano and Musie Warerooms.
15 King Street, Toronte, and 26 Sparks Street, Cttawa.
ath :
ke undersigned begs to inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of Ottawa and
vicinity that they have opened a jorge establishment at 2} Sparks Street,
under the general management ot r. A, Peterson, for the sale of the
celebra
Manufactured by
CHICKERING, STEINWAY, and DENHAM, and
Bs ORGANS =
By MASON & HAMILTON, of Boston, and Prince & Co., of Buffalo.
Mediutn sized Pianos, by reliable makers, and fully guaranteed by our-
selves, averaging from $300 to $400, will always be kept in stock,
PIANOS ‘for HIRE, from $12 to $20 per quarter, SECOND HAND
PIANOS taken in Exchange at a liberal Valuation.
A SELECTED STOCK of SHEET MUSIC, comprising all the new-
est publications, will be kept on hand; also, Musical Merchandise of all
descriptions. This Department will be under the care'of Mr. T. Suckling,
formerly of H. M. 47th Regiment.
INSPECTION INVITED. A. &8, NOR' HEIMER.
i Me. a
JAMES HOPE § CO,
muifactiring }ytationers, Inookbinders
AND IMPORTER?) OF
General Stationery, Artists’ Materials, School Books, Bibles,
CHURCH SERVICES, and PRAYER BOOKS.
Corner of Sparks and Elgin Streets, Ottawa.
ROCKVILLE NOVELTY: WORKS,
JAMES SMART, Proprietor.
Manufacturer of Coal and Wood, Cooking, Box, Parlor snd Heatiug
, Stoves, Hollow Ware, Coal and Wood Furnaces for heating Churches and
other large Public Buildings, Sad Irons, Waggon Skein Boxes, Carriage
Bands, Iron Bedsteads, Furniture, Casters, ‘Tramer’s Boring Machines,
Morticing Machines, Letter Copying Presses, Cast and Wrought lron 3 »ok
. Screws, Iron Cistern and Force fumps.
f= BUILDERS, CABINET AND OTHER HARDWARE. ef
BROCKVILLE, ONTARIO\
TOBACCO!
iOOOV AOL
Fx
SY ARKS-ST.
JOHN ROOS
KEEPS one of the Oldest, and certainly the Largest and Best, TOBACCO
SHOP in .e City of Ottawa, or perhaps in Central Canada.
He now occupies HIS NEW AND COMMODIOUS STORK, 26 SPARKS
* STREET, where *he has. constantly on hand
A STOCK OF TOBABCCOS, CIGARS, PIPES, AND OTHER SUCH GOODS,
BEING DIRECTLY IMPORTED BY IIIMSELF,
So that he can afford to sell at lower prices than any other establishment
of the kind in the city.
fa He inviies the Public to give hine a Call before purchasing elsewhere.
GOOD INDUCEMENTS GIVEN TO TAVERN-KEEPERS and STORE-
KEEPERS IN. GENERAJ.
JOHN ROOS,
N2. 26 Rajotte’s Block, Ottawa,
TOBACCONIST AND DEALER IN FRUIT,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
AND ALSO
AGENT FOR THE CELEBRATED PLANTAGENET WATER,
AT THE
Sign of the INDIAN CHIEF, Sussex Street.
Nos. 36 AND 38 Ripzau Sr., OTTAWA
RRIS Q
tO STZAM Wg,
Pisei Per add { onectionayy
ESTABLISHMENT
—yjS———.
The Best Place in Central Canada
: TO BUY
Bisouit, Crackers, Candies and Confectionary of all kinds,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.
Your Criers are solicited, and will be promptly attended to by
DANIEL MORRISON, PRoprisror,
23 & &B nt nh Ee Bitege —
CONVECTIONARY,
The Oldest and Best Confectionary in the City.
GIBSOon & CoO.
SUCCESSORS TO MRS. SCOTT.
sd Mane? Largest and Most Complete Stock of ev erything in the line of busi-
ness ALWAYS ON HAND, PASTRY, CAKES, CRACKERS, é¢@,. &e.
GIBSON & CO.,
Corner Elgin & Sparks St,
OTTAWA.
CENTRE TOWN,
*
J. BERMINGHAM, |
Aittionesr, Broker an’ Gommission Ayoent.
ne 9 Cane
SALE ROOMS:
Lilgin Street, opposite Russell House,
AND YORK STREET, LOWER TOWN, ?
A. ROWE,
AUCTIONEER,
Fast End Sappers’ Bridge,
Rideau Street, Ottawa.
COMBARRTIAL NOUSE,
ELGIN STREET,
Opposite the POST OFFICE, OTTAWA,
F. BVANS,
LUNCHEON from 12@)0ivevery: Wines, Cigars, and
Liquors of the choicest brands? algays or hand.
Private Dinners, Parties and ‘Balls, attended to on the shortest
notice. -
H. & JI. GOWAN,
SPARKS STREET, No. 64, OTTAWA CITY,
CARVERS AND CILDERS,
Goowiwne Grass ann Prorore Aaawe
Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in
Pictures, Photographs, Fancy Goods, Musical
INSTRUMENTS, ROOM PAPERS, &C., &C.
Parliament Hair Dressing Saloon
7) Russell House Block; Sparks St., Ottawa (7
Qe—- ae
E, MILES, - - Proprietor,
(ESTABLISHED 1853.)
ce]
Hair Dresser, by Appointment, to His Ex
Lorp LisGar, Governor General of the Dom: ii
and Staff, and former’): io Lorp MONE, late Gove
nor General.
Tbe Subscriber begs most respectfully to invite a visit to his Establish-
ment, which has been fitied up in a must elegant,style. The PATENT
HAIR BRUSHING APPARATUS, (originaiy ‘ntroduced to the Western
World by the proprietor,) cunstantly i use.
ORNAMENTAL DEVICES ‘of every description, such as HAIR
BRACELETS, WATCH GUARDS, FINGER RINGS, &c., &c., &c., manufactured
on the shortest notice. 5
A great quantity of HAIR WORK of every variety, for Ladies, on hand,
and will be torwarded to all parts of the Dominion. Orders solicited.
E. MILES.
7" The Business of WIG MAKING, in allits branches, has been made a
Speciality, and is superintended by the proprietor in person,— whose long ex-
rience in the largest Cities of the world, and present facilities, enable him to
uarantee Complete Satisfaction inevery case, and to defy detection by the
most critical eye in comparison between the Real and Artificial.
MW. KAVANAGH,
PROPRIETOR
QUEEN RESTAURANT.
<>~o—_—___ —_-___-
CATERER TO
Senate and Heuse of Commons,
LOM Mateo cant lle Renton ay
St. JAMES’ HOTEL,
METCALFE STREET, OTTAWA.
JAVING been rebuilt ana furnished in FIRST CLASS STYLE, and with
good Sample Rooms, has beerr opened by the subscriber for the accom-
modation of the travelling public. a AAR be
The above Hotel, so favorably known, being situated in the immediate
vicinity of the Parliament Buildings, Banks and other Publie Offices, will be
conducted in the best style which the wants of the publie require, The table
will be supplied with all the
Delicacies of the Season,
and the BAR with the choicest brands of
Liquors,
Wines,
and Oigars,
There ts also commodious Yard Room and Stabling ‘attached,® with.
good attendance,
WILLIAM POWLEY,
Proprietor.
Sencar) =
RUSSELL HOUSE,
Corner of Elgin and Sparks Streets,
OTTAWA.
Ts HOTEL, WHICH 18 UNRIVALLED FOR SIZE, STYLE ana
LOCALITY IN OTTAWA,
Is Open throughont the hear for Pleasure and Business
Travel
It is eligibly situated, being in theimm
PARLIAM
Business portion of the City, and
of interest which 3
nee I
The Proprietor, in returning thanks for the very liberal patronage which
he has hitherto received, informs the public that
The Hotel has been thoroughly Renovated, Embellished and Enlarged,
And can now accommodate 300 visitors, and he assures them that nothing
‘will be wanting on his part that will conduce to the Comfort and Bnjoy-
Joyment of his guests,
J. A, GOUIN, Propristor,
POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS.
CANADA.
1.—The following Post,Office Savings. Banks are open daily for the receipt
and repen pent of deposits, during the ordinary hours of Post Office business,
2.—The direct security of the Dominion is given by,the stat@te for all de-
posits made. ; at ,
3.—Any Servi may-have a déposit account, and may deposit yearly any
number of dollars, from $1 up to $300,or more, with the permission of the
Postmaster General.
4,—A depositcr in any one ofthe Savings Banks Post Offices may continue
his deposits at ‘any. other of suc officesin the list; withoutnotice or change of
Pass, Book, and can withdraw-his money at that Post Office Savings Bank
which is most convenient to;him,
5,—Each depositor. is suppliedwith a@Pass' Book, which is tobe produced to
the Postmaster every time the depositor pays in or withdraws money, and
the sums paidsin or withdrawn are entered therein by the Postmaster receiv-
ing or paying the same. 4
6.—Every depositor’s account is kept in the Postmaster General’s Office in
Ottawa, and.in addition: to tlie. Postmaster’s receipt in the Pass Bcok, a
DIRECT ACKNOWLEDGMENT FROMTHE POSTMASTER GENERAL FOR ‘EACH
Sum PAID In is sent to the depositor,
7-—W hen:a depositor wishes to withdraw money, he can.do so by applying
to the Postmaster General, Who Will send him by return mail a cheque for
the amount, payable-at whatever Savings Bank Post Office the depositor
may have named in his application.
8—Interest at the rate. of 4 per cent,per annum is*allowed on deposits in
the Ordinary Pass. Book deposit account, and the interest is added to the
principal on the 380th June:ineach year.
FIVE. PER} CENT, DOMINION STOCK.
Any depositor who has $100 to his credit in the. Post,Office Savings Bank,
may a.ply that sum (or'more, in Sums'of $100) to the purchase of 5 per cent.
Dominion Stock, redeemable on three months’ notice.
Post OFFICE. Post OFFICE. Posr OFFICE,
Acton Vale . Blairton Chippawa
Albion - | Bond Head Clarksburg
Alexandria Bothwell Clifton
Almonte Bowmanville Clinton
Amherstburg Bracebridge Coaticook
Angus | Bradford Cobourg
Ar onal Brampton Colborne
Arnprior Brantford Coldwater
Arthur Bridgewater Collingwood
Aurora Bright Compton
Aylmer; East Brighton Cookstown
Aylmer, West Brockviue Cornwall
Ayr . Brooklin Creemore
Barrie Buckingham Danville
Bayfield Camphbellford _.| Dingle
Beamsville Cannington Dundas
Beauh arnois Carleton Place punnyile
Beaverten Cayuga Durh
Belleville Chambly Canton Klora
Berlin Chatham, West Erin
Berthier Chelsea Hxeter
Gian ie ay
Post OFFICE.
Fergus
Frelighsb
relighshurg
Galt
Gananoque
Garafraxa
Georgetown
eorgina
Goderich
Granb
Grimsby
Guelph
Hamilton
astings
Hawkesbury
espeler
Hu
Huntingdon
Ingersoll
Inverness
Troquois
Joliette
Keene
Kemptville
Kineardine
ingston
Kingsville
Knowlton
Lachine
Lachuto
Lanark |
Laprairio |
L’Assomption
eeds
Lennoxville
evis
Lindsay
Listowel
London
L’Orignal
Lucan
Lucknow
fa
adoc
Manchester
Markham
Meaford
Melbourne |
Merrickyville
ille Roches
noe West
Montmagny
Montreal
Morpeth
Morrisburg
Mount Brydges
ee
New Edinburgh
New Hamburg
Newmarket
ort Colborne
Port Dalhousie
Port Dover
ort Rowan
Port Stanley
Prescott
Preston
Prince Albert
uebec
enfrew
Richmond East
Richmond Hill
Rimouski
Riviere du Loup en bas
Rockingbam
Rosemont
St. Andrew’s East
St. Catharines West
St. Hyacinthe
Post OFFICE.
POST OFFICE SAVINCS BANKS—( Continued.)
St. John’s East
Pcs? OFFIcr.
_——
St. Hary's, Blanchard
8 Bay
St. Pau
St. Roch de Quebec
St. Thomas West
Wellan
Wellesley.
ellington Square
West Farnham
Weston
West Wincres‘cr
Whitby
Windsor
Woodstock
Woodville
fopartment of fbi Hors,
WEST END OF SECOND FLOOR,
WESTERN BLOCK.
en ee
RIDEAU CANAL,
James D. SLATER,
Superintendent.
Orrick :—Wellington St., 126.
a
OTTAWA RIVER WORKS,
Horack MERRILL.
Superintendent.
Orrick :—Middle St.
emer
CARILLON & GRENVILLE CANALS,
Wm. B. Forbes,
Superintendent,
Carillon.
ST. ANN’S LOCK,
JoHN BARRETT, |
Lock Master and Collector,
St. Ann.
IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS FOR IMPROVE.
MENT OF STOCK. :
potas WM
‘ CusTroms DEPARTMENT,
OTTAWA, Uct, Ist, 1870,
Notice is hereby given that His Excellency the Governor General, by an
Order in Council, bearing date the 26h of September last, has been eased to
approve of the following Regulations governing the J mportation of Animals
for the Improvement of stock, under See. 4, of 83 Victoria, Cap, 9,
REGULATION 8,
1. Inall cases a certificate of purity of blood given by the breeder of the
| animal, and accompanied by a certificate of identification, Signed and sworn
j to by the Teporter, Should be furnished to the Collector at the Port of Entry.
2. In addition to 1e foregoing certificate, there shall be required in special
cases, the further evidence hereinafter mentioned, viz, :
BLOOD HORSES,
é 3. A proper pedigree referring to zine English or American Stud Pook, to be
/ given bv the breeder in his certificate,
HORSES OF OTHER BREEDS,
4. Such horses having no Stud book, an authenticated eertife ite of purity
of blcod and identification will be sufficient,
SHORT HORNED CATTLE,
5. The breeder's certificate should embody a correct pedigree, referring to
the English or American Short Horn Rook.
HEREFORD CATTLE,
€. The Pe ligree should refer to the English Hereford Herd Eook.
DEVON CATTLE,
7. The pedigree should refer tothe English or American Devon Herd Book,
AYRSHIRE CATTLE,
ANGUS CATTLE,
GALLOWAY CATTLE, or
ALDERNEY CATTLE.
A certificate of purity of blood and identification will be sufficient, as first
hereinabove prescribed,
8. And any other breed or feseription of cattle which is not specifically
Hamed in the foregoing, shall be held tobe included in the general descrip-
On embodied in the Regulation 1, ‘
SHEEP, PiGs, AND POULTRY.
9. In these Cases a similar certificate and identification will be required, as
R. 8. M. BOUCHETTE.
Commissioner of ¢ ‘ustoms,
in the next preceeding case,
COVERNMENT IMMIGRATION AcENeSs
DOMINION IN CANADA.
EDWIN CLAY, Esq., M. D., Government Immigration Agent, HALIFAX.
R. SHIVES, Esq., St. JOHN. N.B.
J. G. G. LAYTON, Esq., « MIRAMICHI, N.B.
L. STAFFORD, Esq., « QUEBEC.
JNO. J. DALEY, Esq., « MONTREAL.
W. J. WILLS, Esq., te OTTAWA.
R. MACPHERSON, Esq., “ KINGSTON.
JNO. A. DONALDSON, Esq. « TORONTO.
R. H-RAE, Esq., : HAMILTON.
J. A.N. PROVENCHER, Esq. _- : NORTH WEST
TERRITORY.
GdLBERT McMICKEN, Esq., Resident Immigrant Agent FORT GARRY.
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